孵化温度对乌龟性别及质量的影响  

Effects of incubation temperature on sex and quality of Chinemys reevesii

作　　者：彭明伟 李伟[2] 洪孝友[2] 陈辰 纪利芹 田阔 项旭东 朱新平 刘晓莉[2] PENG Mingwei;LI Wei;HONG Xiaoyou;CHEN Chen;JI Liqin;TIAN Kuo;XIANG Xudong;ZHU Xinping;LIU Xiaoli(College of Fisheries/Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 201306,Zhejiang,China;Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academyof Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510380,China;Anhui Lantian Agricultural Group Co.,LTD,Wuwei 238326,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广州510380 [3]安徽蓝田农业集团有限公司,安徽无为238326

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第5期106-112,共7页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515012274);广州市科技计划项目(202206010070);中国-东盟海上合作基金(CAMC-2018F);龟鳖遗传育种创新团队项目(2020TD35、2020ZJTD01)。

摘　　要：为评估不同孵化温度对乌龟(Chinemys reevesii)性别及质量的影响,探求更好的稚龟孵化条件,本研究将乌龟受精卵置于25、27、29、31、33℃、转温温度(33℃转29℃)条件下孵化,统计孵化率、测量稚龟形态特征以及运动性能和生理生化指标等。结果显示:27℃孵化率最高,为42.67%,且稚龟的尾长、背甲长、背甲宽、体高、腹甲长最大;27℃孵出的稚龟翻身速度最快,与31、33℃存在显著性差异;29℃孵出的稚龟游泳速度最快,与25、33℃呈现显著性差异;33℃孵化,孵化期最短和雌性比例最高,与25、27、29℃孵化差异显著,而33℃孵化的雌性比例与转温温度孵化没有显著性差异;33℃转29℃孵化温度下腹甲宽、体重最大,乌龟生理生化指标中仅总抗氧化能力存在显著性差异,33℃的总抗氧化能力最低,与29℃有显著性差异,转温温度组处于两者之间,与两者没有显著性差异。综上所述,27℃、29℃与转温温度处理能产生高质量的稚龟,而转温温度与恒定的27℃、29℃相比,其孵化周期更短,稚龟雌性比率更高,与31、33℃相比,则稚龟质量更好。综上结果表明本研究的转温温度方式可用来做为规模化扩繁全雌乌龟苗种的生产方式。This experiment incubated Chinemys reevesii eggs at five constant temperatures(25,27,29,31,33℃)and one shifting-temperature(33℃shift to 29℃)to improve incubation conditions and assess the effect of differing temperatures on the gender and quality.We then measured the hatching rate,morphological traits,sports performance,and physiological and biochemical indexes of C.reevesii.The findings demonstrated that incubation at 33℃resulted in the shortest incubation period and the highest female ratio compared to 25℃,27℃and 29℃.There was no significant difference in the percentage of females incubated at 33℃and those incubated at the rotating temperature.The hatching rate was the highest at 27℃(42.67%),and the largest measurements for tail length,carapace length,carapace width,height and plastron length were also observed at shifting temperature.The C.reevesii hatched at 29℃exhibited the fastest swimming speed,significantly different from those hatched at 25℃and 33℃.The C.reevesii hatched at 27℃exhibited the fastest righting speed,significantly different from those hatched at 31℃and 33℃.Among the physiological and biochemical indices of C.reevesii,only the total antioxidant capacity showed a significant difference,with the lowest concentration observed at 33℃.The shifting-temperature group was between 29℃and 33℃,showing no significant difference.In conclusion,high-quality C.reeveisi can be produced by treatment at 27℃,29℃,and shifting temperature.Compared to constant temperatures of 27℃and 29℃,incubation at shifting temperature resulted in a shorter incubation period and a higher female ratio.Additionally,the incubation quality at shifting temperature was better than incubation at 31℃and 33℃.Therefore,the shifting-temperature method described in this article can be used as a production method for large-scale propagation of all female turtle seedlings.

关 键 词：乌龟(Chinemys reevesii) 孵化温度 性别 质量 

分 类 号：S966.5[农业科学—水产养殖]