新疆野苹果种质资源对梨火疫病菌的抗性鉴定评价  

Evaluation of resistance identification of Malus sieversii germplasm resources to Erwinia amylovora

作　　者：曹雅芝 李克梅[1,6] 刁永强 陈卫民[3] 张学超 吴品珊[5] CAO Yazhi;LI KeMei;DIAO Yongqiang;CHEN Weimin;ZHANG Xuechao;WU Pinshan(College of Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Yili Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station,Yining 835000,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Yili Vocational and Technical College.Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Alien Invasive Pests in Yili Prefecture,Yining 835000,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture,Yining 835000,Xinjiang,China;Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,Beijing 100176,China;Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Agroforestry Invasive Organisms in Desert Oasis of Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆伊犁森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,新疆伊宁835000 [3]新疆伊犁职业技术学院伊犁州外来入侵有害生物监测与防控重点实验室,新疆伊宁835000 [4]伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所,新疆伊宁835000 [5]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100176 [6]新疆农业大学农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲农林外来入侵生物防控重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第2期145-157,共13页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2600400);农业农村部种质资源保护资助项目(19221884);伊犁州重点研究与技术开发项目(YZ2022B011);伊犁州应用基础研究项目(YJC2023A14)。

摘　　要：【目的】新疆野苹果又称塞威氏苹果,是重要的第三纪孑遗物种和国家二级重点保护野生植物,也是栽培苹果的直系祖先。梨火疫病是2015年6月在新疆伊犁霍城县苹果园苹果树上首次发生的外来入侵检疫性有害生物,8年来危害新疆香梨、苹果产业已造成损失,并对新疆乃至全国的林果产业构成了巨大威胁。有报道认为利用抗病品种防治是最经济和有效的方法。通过鉴定评价新疆野苹果抗梨火疫病菌的种质资源,为抗病苹果种质资源的选育提供理论依据。【方法】以国家果树种质新疆野苹果资源圃中塔城野果林的额敏和托里两个自然居群80份新疆野苹果不同类型为试材,采用室内离体叶片和离体枝条接种方法,鉴定评价80份新疆野苹果不同类型对梨火疫病菌的抗性。【结果】梨火疫病菌对80份新疆野苹果不同类型的枝条、叶片均有致病力,离体叶片和离体枝条接种结果存在一定差异,离体叶片接种的抗性资源多于离体枝条接种。抗病的新疆野苹果种质资源来自额敏自然居群较多,托里自然居群较少。80份新疆野苹果不同类型对梨火疫病菌的抗性水平差异性显著,说明塔城野果林80份新疆野苹果不同类型中高抗、抗病种质资源较多,占56.25%;而高感和感病的种质资源较少,占43.75%。【结论】筛选出高抗新疆野苹果种质资源1份,抗病种质资源8份,感病资源6份,高感资源1份。9份新疆野苹果种质资源可作为鲜食或抗病砧木选育的基础材料。【Objective】Malus sieversii also known as Seweid apple,is an important tertiary relict species and a national secondary protected wild plant.It is also the direct ancestor of cultivated apples.Pear fire blight is an alien invasive quarantine pest that first occurred in apple orchards and apple trees in Huocheng county,Yili,Xinjiang in June 2015.In the past 8 years,it has caused losses to the pear and apple industries in Xinjiang,and has posed a huge threat to the forest and fruit industry in Xinjiang and even the whole country.Studies have reported that the use of disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective method.We identified and evaluated the germplasm resources of Xinjiang wild apple resistant to E.amylovora,and provided a theoretical basis for the breeding of resistant apple germplasm resources.【Method】From April to June 2023,80 different types of M.sieversii from two natural populations of Emin and Tuoli in Tacheng wild fruit forest in the National Germplasm Resources Nursery of M.sieversii were used as test materials.The resistance of 80 different types of M.sieversii to E.amylovora was identified and evaluated by in detached leaf and in detached branch inoculation method.【Result】the pathogen was pathogenic to 80 different types of branches and leaves of M.sieversii.There were some differences in the inoculation results of detached leaves and detached branches.The resistant resources inoculated with detached leaves were more than those inoculated with detached branches.The disease-resistant wild apple germplasm resources in Xinjiang come from more natural populations in Emin and less natural populations in Toli.The resistance level of 80 different types of M.sieversii to E.amylovora was significantly different.There were more high resistance and disease resistance germplasm resources in 80 different types of M.sieversii in Tacheng wild fruit forest,accounting for 56.25%.The high susceptible and susceptible germplasm resources were less,accounting for 43.75%.【Conclusion】1

关 键 词：新疆野苹果 种质资源 Erwinia amylovora 接种 抗性评价 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]