沟施硫酸钾对桃1 年生枝条抗寒性的影响  

Effect of different potassium fertilizer furrow applications on the cold resistance of one year peach branches

作　　者：赵崇宇 梁刚 刘冬楠 苏凯 刘春生 肖坤 李刚 武军凯 肖啸[1,2,3] 张立彬[1,2,3] 张晨光 ZHAO Chongyu;LIANG Gang;LIU Dongnan;SU Kai;LIU Chunsheng;XIAO Kun;LI Gang;WU Junkai;XIAO Xiao;ZHANG Libin;ZHANG Chenguang(College of Horticulture Science and Technology,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Qinhuangdao 066000,Hebei,China;Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Resources Discovery and Innovative Utilization,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Qinhuangdao 066000,Hebei,China;Research and Development Center of Biological Breeding Application Technology of Horticultural Plants with Special Characteristics in Hebei University,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Qinhuangdao 066000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院园艺科技学院,河北秦皇岛066000 [2]河北科技师范学院河北省园艺种质资源发掘与创新利用重点实验室,河北秦皇岛066000 [3]河北科技师范学院河北省高校特色园艺植物生物育种应用技术研发中心,河北秦皇岛066000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第2期167-177,222,共12页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(236Z6304G),国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32302501)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究沟施不同施用量的钾肥对桃1年生枝条抗寒性的影响,筛选出提高抗寒力的最优钾肥施用量,为林业生产提供科学依据。【方法】以桃品种‘36-5’为试材,以0 g/株施用量为对照,对桃树进行不同钾肥施用量(50、100、150、200、250 g/株)处理,在2022年9月采取沟施处理。于休眠期(2022年11月30日)采1年生枝条样品,进行人工模拟低温处理(0~-30℃处理,以5℃为梯度),测定桃枝条不同温度处理下各钾肥施用量枝条的矿质元素(氮、磷、钾、钙、镁)含量、细胞膜透性(相对电导率、含水量、丙二醛)含量、渗透调节物质(可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白)含量、抗氧化酶系统(过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性)、内源激素(脱落酸、生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素含量)含量等生理指标,并进行各生理指标的综合评价。【结果】在低温胁迫下,不同钾肥施用量桃枝条抗氧化酶活性增加,增强桃枝条抗氧化酶清除自由基能力,提高渗透调节系统能力,调节细胞膜透性;活性氧自由基产物丙二醛(MDA)降低、相对电导率等膜透性指标降低;渗透调节系统(可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖)含量提高。矿质元素含量增加,脱落酸(ABA)含量增加、ABA/GA比值增加。通过拟合Logistic方程评价得出桃枝条半致死温度,其中150 g/株施用量下桃枝条半致死温度达到最低,为23.22℃。通过隶属函数法综合评价得出,不同钾肥施用量对桃枝条抗寒性由强至弱依次为150>200>250>100>50>0 g(CK)/株。通过对半致死温度与隶属函数进行相关性分析发现二者呈现显著负相关。【结论】半致死温度与隶属函数均可用于抗寒力测定。150 g/株钾肥处理效果最佳,能有效提高桃枝条抗寒性,可为农业生产提供参考。【Objective】To examine the impact of varying rates of potash fertilizer applied in furrows on the cold resistance of 1-year-old peach branches,identify the optimal potash fertilizer application rate for enhancing cold resistance,and establish a scientific foundation for forestry production.【Method】Peach trees of the‘36-5’variety were subjected to varied potash application rates(50,100,150,200,and 250 g/plant)with a control of 0 g/plant in furrow treatments conducted in September 2022. Samples of 1-year-old branches were collected on 30th November 2022 during the dormant period. These samples underwent artificially simulated low-temperature treatments ranging from 0 to -30 °C in 5 °C increments. The analysis aimed to determine the content of mineral elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium), cell membrane permeability (relative conductivity, water content, malondialdehyde), osmotic regulating substances (soluble sugar, soluble protein), antioxidant enzyme system activity (peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase), endogenous hormone levels (abscisic acid, growth hormone, cytokinin, gibberellin), and other physiological indicators. A comprehensive evaluation of each physiological indicator was conducted to assess the impact of potash application rates on cold resistance in peach branches.【Result】In response to low-temperature stress, peach branches exhibited increased antioxidant enzyme activity at varying potash application rates. This enhancement led to improved free radical scavenging capabilities of the antioxidant enzymes, enhanced osmotic regulatory system functions, and regulated cellular membrane permeability. Consequently, levels of the reactive oxygen radical product malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased, along with reductions in membrane permeability indices such as relative electrical conductivity. Furthermore, there was an increase in the content of osmotic regulatory system components (soluble proteins and soluble sugars), mineral elements, and abscisic acid (ABA),

关 键 词：桃 钾肥 抗寒性评价 低温胁迫 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]