不同龄级迷迭香生长指标及精油组分的比较  

Comparison of the growth indexes and essential oil components of rosemary at different growth periods

作　　者：邓黎明 谷战英[1] 卢雨析 罗彪 李扬[1] 冯楠可 熊荟璇 缪嘉健 DENG Liming;GU Zhanying;LU Yuxi;LUO Biao;LI Yang;FENG Nanke;XIONG Huixuan;MIAO Jiajian(Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Shaoguan City Forestry Bureau,Shaoguan 512000,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学,湖南长沙410004 [2]韶关市林业局,广东韶关512000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第2期223-231,266,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2018YFD1000605);湖南省研究生教育创新工程和专业能力提升工程项目(〔2020〕41号);中南林业科技大学大学生科技创新项目(〔2020〕18号,〔2020〕73号,〔2020〕89号)。

摘　　要：【目的】为迷迭香的科学采收、定向利用提供参考依据。【方法】以2、3、5、7年生迷迭香为试验材料,比较了不同龄级迷迭香的叶长、叶宽、叶厚、叶干质量、叶鲜质量、叶含水率、新梢长度等生长指标的差异,以及含精油率、精油主要成分及其含量等经济性状指标的差异,并分析了迷迭香生长指标与精油成分含量之间的相关性。【结果】不同龄级迷迭香的生长指标存在不同程度的差异,整体表现为3年生迷迭香相比其他龄级具有一定的优异性。在4个龄级中,3年生迷迭香的鲜质量、干质量均为最高,较其余龄级分别高出20.80%~77.00%、53.47%~120.00%;但其含水率最低,较其余龄级低8.13%~9.06%。各龄级内新梢长度差异均较大,且偏差有随其龄级增高而增大的趋势。迷迭香含精油率随其生长年限增长均有极显著提高,2、3、5、7年生迷迭香含精油率为0.48%~1.54%。精油成分种类随生长年限增加而增多,3、5、7年生迷迭香精油分别有47、53、64种成分,主要成分含量(峰面积占比大于1)先增加后下降,在3、5、7年生迷迭香精油中主要成分含量分别占总含量的90.92%、92.51%、91.20%,3、5、7年生迷迭香精油具有α-蒎烯、莰烯等18种共有主要成分。3年生迷迭香精油独有主要成分为(+)-2-冰片酮。【结论】不同龄级迷迭香的生长指标及精油成分间存在不同程度的差异性及相关性,以其生长指标等为监测依据筛选适宜收获期,有利于迷迭香定向利用。【Objective】To provide references for the scientific harvesting and directed utilization of rosemary.【Method】Using the rosemary of 2,3,5 and 7 years as the experimental materials,we compared the differences in growth indexes including leaf length,leaf width,leaf thickness,leaf dry mass,leaf fresh mass,leaf water content,and shoot length,as well as the characteristics in economical characteristics including oil content,the components and contents of rosemary essential oil analyzed by GC-MS,and so on.Meanwhile,we also compared the correlation between the growth indexes and essential oil components.【Result】The growth indexes of rosemary differed to different degrees in each age classes.With the highest fresh(20.80%-77.00%higher than the other ages)and dry mass(53.47%-120.00%higher than the other ages)of the four ages,the 3-year-old rosemary had a certain excellence compared to others,but which water content was the lowest(8.13%-9.06%lower than the other ages).The variation in shoots lengths was relatively large within each age class,and the deviation tended to increase with age.The essential oil content of rosemary increased extremely significantly (P < 0.01) with ages, and 2, 3, 5 and 7 years old rosemary contained 0.48%-1.54% essential oil. The essential oil components of rosemary also increased with age (3, 5 and 7 years of rosemary essential oil were identified to 47, 53, 64 ingredients), the percentage of principal components (peak area% > 1) in the total content increased at first and then decreases (the principal components of each age class were identified to 19, 21 and 21 species, accounting for 90.92%, 92.51% and 91.20% of the total content respectively). The 18 species which were the main components of 3, 5 and 7 years rosemary essential oil were α -pinene, camphene, and so on. (+)-2-borneolone was the unique principal component of 3 year old rosemary essential oil.【Conclusion】There are different degrees of variability and correlation among the growth indicators and essential oil component

关 键 词：迷迭香 不同龄级 生长指标 精油含量 精油成分 

分 类 号：S601[农业科学—园艺学]