流苏树果实形态发育及营养成分形成规律  

The developmental patterns of Chionanthus retusus fruit morphology and nutritional components

作　　者：牛牧歌 蔡其臣 李际红[1,2,3] 李莹 王锦楠 刘翠双 孙茂桐 刘来硕 NIU Muge;CAI Qichen;LI Jihong;LI Ying;WANG Jinnan;LIU Cuishuang;SUN Maotong;LIU Laisuo(College of Forestry,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem State Positioning Observation and Research Station,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Forest Cultivation in the Lower Yellow River,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Linyi Yishui State-owned Yishan Forestry Farm,Lin’yi 276414,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学山东泰山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,山东泰安271018 [3]山东农业大学黄河下游森林培育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [4]临沂市沂水县国有沂山林场,山东临沂276414

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第2期240-248,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2021LZGC023);山东省农业科技资金(林业科技创新)项目(2019LY001)。

摘　　要：【目的】观测流苏树果实和种子发育过程,为流苏树种质资源收集利用、科学栽培研究提供参考。【方法】2021年4—9月,以泰山3棵80 a以上的流苏树为试材,对果实和种子的形态特征、质量特征和营养成分进行观测,并利用SPSS 25.0软件对其发育规律进行拟合。【结果】流苏树果实发育分为6个阶段,分别为幼果期、果实膨大期、果皮形成期、种仁形成期,果实变色期和果实成熟期;果皮形成期(花后50~67 d)其内果皮木质化,种仁形成期(花后67~91 d)其形成胚乳、胚(胚根、子叶),果实变色期(花后91~112 d)其中果皮变成蓝紫色;流苏树果实和种子纵横比都呈现快速增长—缓慢增长—停止增长3个阶段的“S”形态增长模式。其种仁干物质的增长与种仁鲜质量的增长表现为错峰增长,干物质的快速增长晚于种仁鲜质量;果皮变色期,颜色由绿色转变为蓝紫色的同时,中果皮质量显著增加;可溶性糖和淀粉都呈现先升高后降低到花后91 d趋于平稳。可溶性蛋白和油脂含量都呈现逐渐升高的趋势直至花后91 d趋于平稳。可溶性糖和淀粉都呈现先升高后降低到花后91 d趋于平稳。【结论】在花后35~50 d应施水溶速效肥为主的肥料,以提升产量;花后67~91 d是种仁形成的关键时期,应在这一时期补充钾肥。8月下旬到9月上旬是收获流苏树果实的最佳时间。【Objective】To observe the process of Chionanthus retusus fruit and seed development,providing references for the collection and utilization of C.retusus germplasm resources and scientific cultivation research.【Method】From April to September 2021,three C.retusus trees aged over 80 years in Mount Tai were selected as experimental materials.The morphological characteristics,quality features,and nutritional components of fruits and seeds were observed,and the developmental patterns were fitted using SPSS 25.0 software.【Result】The development of C.retusus fruit could be divided into six stages:early fruit stage,fruit expansion stage,fruit skin formation stage,seed formation stage,fruit coloration stage,and fruit ripening stage.During the fruit skin formation stage(from 50 to 67 days after flowering),the inner fruit skin undergoes lignification,while during the seed formation stage(from 67 to 91 days after flowering),the embryo,endosperm,and embryo(radicle,cotyledon)were formed.During the fruit coloration stage(from 91 to 112 days after flowering),the fruit skin turned blue-purple.Both the longitudinal and transverse ratios of C.retusus fruit and seeds exhibited an“S”-shaped growth pattern with rapid growth,slow growth,and cessation of growth.The increase in dry matter of the seed kernels was staggered with the increase in fresh weight,with the rapid growth of dry matter occurring later than the increase in fresh mass.During the fruit coloration stage,as the color changed from green to blue-purple,the middle fruit skin mass significantly increased.Soluble sugars and starch first increased and then decreased,stabilizing after 91 days after flowering.Soluble protein and lipid contents gradually increased until stabilizing after 91 days after flowering.【Conclusion】Water-soluble quick-acting fertilizers should be primarily applied 35-50 days after flowering to increase yield;the period from 67 to 91 days after flowering is crucial for seed formation,during which potassium fertilizer should be supplement

关 键 词：流苏树 果实 种子 形态发育 

分 类 号：S662.9[农业科学—果树学]