南疆枣产区土壤养分空间分布特征与肥力评价  

The spatial distribution characteristics and fertility assessment of soil nutrients in jujube-producing regions in southern Xinjiang

作　　者：闫浩宇 袁泽 张川疆 郭天发 姜元昊 徐惠 吴翠云[1,2,3] 张宇阳 YAN Haoyu;YUAN Ze;ZHANG Chuanjiang;GUO Tianfa;JIANG Yuanhao;XU Hui;WU Cuiyun;ZHANG Yuyang(College of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Production and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of XPCC,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]塔里木大学塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第2期257-266,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：自治区红枣产业技术体系资源与育种项目(XJCYTX-01-01-2023);新疆维吾尔自治区研究生创新项目(TDGRI202227);兵团第十四师农业农村局委托项目(2021011);兵团重点计划项目(2023AB004-04);塔里木大学校长基金项目(TDZKBS2021005)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解南疆不同枣产区土壤养分状况,明确各产区枣园土壤养分空间分布特征与肥力水平差异。【方法】以南疆4个枣主产区的373个枣园土壤为试验材料,测定分析土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等8项指标,基于修正后的内梅罗综合指数法并结合全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准,对各产区土壤肥力进行综合评价。【结果】南疆枣主产区土壤pH介于7.05~8.63之间,属碱性土壤;有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量处于缺乏水平,分别为7.69 g·kg^(-1)、0.52 g·kg^(-1)、34.56 mg·kg^(-1);全磷、速效磷含量处于较丰富水平,分别为0.95 g·kg^(-1)、34.56 mg·kg^(-1);全钾含量处于极缺水平,为3.89 g·kg^(-1);速效钾含量处于中等水平,为134.77 mg·kg^(-1)。4个产区中,和田产区土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、碱解氮含量整体处于极缺水平,占比分别达85.06%、86.36%、99.35%、82.47%;而土壤全磷含量则达47.4%,属于丰富水平,占比最高;速效钾含量处于中等以上水平,占比高达94.81%。从空间分布特征来看,有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量整体呈西北部高、东南部低的趋势;全磷含量呈南北部高而东西部低的趋势;全钾含量呈东北部高、西南部低的趋势,速效磷含量则分布较为均衡,速效钾以东部产区土壤含量较低。【结论】阿克苏、巴州、喀什、和田产区综合肥力指数分别为1.21、1.04、1.19、0.97,肥力评价均为一般等级。南疆4个枣产区均需补充有机质和氮肥、控制磷肥、定量施钾肥,这一研究结果可为南疆枣产区科学平衡施肥提供科学依据。【Objective】To investigate the soil nutrient status in different jujube producing areas in southern Xinjiang and elucidate the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients as well as fertility variations in jujube orchards across different production areas.【Method】A total of 373 jujube gardens from four main production areas in southern Xinjiang were selected as experimental sites.Eight soil indexes,including pH value,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali hydrochloric nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium were analyzed and measured.The revised Nemero comprehensive index method was employed along with the nutrient classification standard from the second national soil survey to comprehensively evaluate soil fertility levels within each production area.【Result】The pH of soil in the main jujube producing area in Nanjiang ranged from 7.05 to 8.63,indicating alkaline soil conditions.The levels of organic matter deficiency,total nitrogen deficiency,and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen deficiency were measured at 7.69 g·kg^(-1),0.52 g·kg^(-1),and 34.56 mg·kg^(-1) respectively.The abundance levels of total phosphorus and available phosphorus were found to be 0.95 g·kg^(-1) and 34.56 mg·kg^(-1) respectively.The total potassium content was at the extremely deficient level,3.89 g·kg^(-1).The content of available potassium was in the medium level,134.77 mg·kg^(-1).The levels of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium,and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in Hotan were significantly deficient,accounting for 85.06%,86.36%,99.35%,and 82.47%respectively.The content percentage for total phosphorus was recorded as the highest at 47.4%.Moreover,the proportion of available potassium content above medium level reached 94.81%.Regarding spatial distribution characteristics,it was observed that higher concentrations of organic matter,total nitrogen,and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were present in the northwest while lower concentrations were found in the southeast.Th

关 键 词：枣 土壤养分 肥力评价 内梅罗综合指数法 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]