青海产区主要枸杞品种果实发育规律及采摘力学的比较  

Comparison of fruit development and harvesting mechanics indexes of major goji berry varieties in Qinghai production areas

作　　者：肖子菲 李建领 龙启辰 王占林[2,3,4] XIAO Zifei;LI Jianling;LONG Qichen;WANG Zhanlin(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences;Key Laboratory of Plateau Forest Genetics and Breeding,Qinghai Province;Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [3]青海大学青海省高原林木遗传育种重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [4]青海大学青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第2期293-301,308,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划(2022-NK-116)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选适合青海产区种植和机械化采收的优良枸杞品种,为采摘机的研制提供参考。【方法】以宁杞1号、宁杞5号、宁杞7号和青杞1号作为试验材料,于不同发育时期调查其果实横纵径、鲜果百粒质量和投影面积,测定青果期和熟果期的果柄结合力、果梗结合力及横纵径抗压指数,分析枸杞果实形态指标动态发育与采摘力学指标的相关性,明确影响采摘力学指标的关键形态因子。【结果】不同品种枸杞的果实横纵径、鲜果百粒质量和投影面积均呈“S”形增长,花后4~8 d和28~36 d生长迅速,花后8~28 d及36~40 d(熟果期)生长缓慢。成熟后,宁杞7号果实横径、鲜果百粒质量、投影面积显著高于其他品种。不同品种枸杞的青果果柄结合力均显著高于熟果,两者90%区间无重合;青果期,宁杞5号果柄结合力显著低于其他品种,其余品种间无显著差异;熟果期,不同品种果柄结合力无显著差异。枸杞青果果梗结合力与熟果果梗结合力90%区间存在重合,除宁杞7号外,不同枸杞品种青果果梗结合力显著低于熟果;宁杞5号青果和熟果果柄结合力均显著低于其他品种,其余品种无显著差异。宁杞7号横径抗压指数显著高于其他品种,但纵径抗压指数与其他品种差异不显著。枸杞果实的果柄结合力与果实横纵径、投影面积和鲜果百粒质量显著负相关,横径抗压指数与果实横径、鲜果百粒质量显著正相关。【结论】4个枸杞品种中宁杞7号果实形态及采摘性状优于其他品种,是适于青海产区种植和便于机械化采收的优良枸杞品种。【Objective】The goji berry(Lycium barbarum)varieties suitable for cultivation and mechanized harvesting in Qinghai were selected to provide scientific guidance for the advancement of mechanized pickers.【Method】Ningqi No.1,Ningqi No.5,Ningqi No.7 and Qingqi No.1 were used as experimental materials,the transverse and longitudinal diameter,100 fresh fruit mass and projection area of the fresh fruit at different developmental phases were investigated,and the fruit stalk binding force,fruiting pedicel binding force,transverse diameter compressive index and longitudinal diameter compressive index of the unripe and ripe fruit were measured.Then,the correlations between fruit morphologies and picking mechanical elements were analyzed,and the key morphological factors affecting picking mechanics were identified.【Result】The goji berry fruits of different varieties exhibited an “S” shape growth pattern in terms of their transverse and longitudinal diameter, 100 fresh fruit mass and projected area. Rapid growth was observed during the periods of 4-8 days and 28-36 days after flowering, while slower growth occurred during the intervals of 8-28 days and 36-40 days after flowering. After ripening, the transverse diameter, 100 fresh fruit mass and projected area of Ningqi No.7 fruit were significantly larger than those of other varieties. The stalk binding force of unripe fruits from various varieties was significantly higher than that of the ripe fruit, with no observed overlap between them within the 90% confidence interval. During unripe stage, the fruit stalk binding force of Ningqi No.5 was significantly lower than that of other varieties, while there was no significant differences among the remaining varieties. After ripe, there was no significant difference in fruiting pedicel binding force among these varieties. The fruiting pedicel binding force of unripe fruit overlapped 90% with that of ripe fruit, and the unripe fruit fruiting from different varieties exhibited significantly lower pedicel binding force

关 键 词：宁夏枸杞 果实发育 果柄结合力 果梗结合力 抗压指数 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学]