4种落叶松人工林凋落物分解与养分释放动态特征  

Dynamic characteristics of litter decomposition and nutrient release in 4 species of Larix plantations

作　　者：赵继德 杨雨春[4] 申方圆 孟俊 杨立学[1,2,3] ZHAO Jide;YANG Yuchun;SHEN Fangyuan;MENG Jun;YANG Lixue(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China;Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Northeast Native Tree Species-National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China;Forestry Academy of Jilin Province,Changchun 130033,Jilin,China;Donghua(Anhui)Ecological Planning Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230088,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学国家林业草原东北乡土树种工程技术研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]东北林业大学森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [4]吉林省林业科学研究院,吉林长春130033 [5]东华(安徽)生态规划院有限公司,安徽合肥230088

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2024年第7期119-129,共11页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(黑[2024]TG02号);中青年科技创新创业卓越人才项目(20230508006RC);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572019CP16)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究落叶松属不同树种凋落物分解及养分释放动态特征,揭示凋落物分解与养分释放规律,对深入探究森林生态系统物质循环过程意义重大,为落叶松人工林的经营管理提供科学依据。【方法】以同一生境下4种40年生的落叶松人工林(兴安落叶松、华北落叶松、日本落叶松和长白落叶松)为研究对象,采用凋落物网袋法进行分解实验。基于不同分解阶段,称量凋落物残留质量,测定凋落物中主要元素(C、N和P)和难降解成分(木质素、纤维素和缩合单宁)的含量,进而计算凋落物整体残留率、各分解阶段的质量损失率和养分释放率,建立Olson指数分解模型,分析树种间的差异。Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析分别明确凋落物质量损失率与初始基质质量和养分释放率的关系。【结果】分解到90 d,日本落叶松林凋落物质量损失率显著高于华北落叶松林(P<0.05),质量损失贡献率最大,且其木质素和纤维素释放率显著高于长白落叶松林(P<0.05)。凋落物质量损失率与初始C∶N比值呈显著负相关。分解90~360 d,华北落叶松林凋落物质量损失率最高,质量损失贡献率最大,且其木质素释放率显著高于长白落叶松林(P<0.05)。凋落物质量损失率与初始木质素含量和Lignin∶N比值呈极显著负相关,与N和木质素释放率呈较强正相关。分解360~450 d,长白落叶松林凋落物P和木质素释放率最高,缩合单宁释放率最低。兴安落叶松林凋落物纤维素和缩合单宁释放率显著高于其他3个树种(P<0.05)。凋落物质量损失率与C和纤维素释放率呈较强正相关,与P释放率呈较强负相关。4种落叶松人工林凋落物C、N元素、木质素和缩合单宁呈直接释放模式;P元素呈淋溶-富集-释放模式;纤维素呈淋溶-富集模式。【结论】凋落物初始N、木质素含量和C∶N比值及难降解成分释放率是影响其分解的重要因素。兴安落叶【Objective】Studying the dynamic characteristics of litter decomposition and nutrient release of different species of plantations of the Larix genus,revealing the pattern of litter decomposition and nutrient release,which is of great significance to the in-depth investigation of the process of material cycling in forest ecosystems,and provides a scientific basis for the management of larch plantation forests.【Method】Four species of 40-year-old Larix plantations (Larix gmelinii,L.principis-rupprechtii,L.kaempferi,andL.olgensis) in the homogeneous habitat were used for the decomposition experiment using net-bagging method of litter.Based on different stages of decomposition,the residual mass of litter was weighed,and the contents of major elements (C,N and P) as well as difficult-to-degrade components (lignin,cellulose and condensed tannins) in the litter were measured.The overall residual rates,mass loss rates and nutrient release rates of litter at each stage of decomposition were calculated,and the Olson index decomposition model was established,which was used to analyze the differences among tree species.Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted to clarify the relationship of litter mass loss rates with initial substrate qualities and nutrient release rates,respectively.【Result】In decomposition to 90 days,the mass loss rate of litter in L.kaempferi plantation was significantly higher than that in L.principis-rupprechtii plantation,with the greatest contribution to mass loss (P<0.05),and its lignin and cellulose release rates were significantly higher than those in L.olgensis plantation (P<0.05).The mass loss rate of litter was significantly negatively correlated with the initial C∶N ratio.In decomposition of 90-360 days,the L.principis-rupprechtii plantation had the highest mass loss rate of litter,with the greatest contribution to mass loss,and its lignin release rate was significantly higher than that of L.olgensis plantation (P<0.05).The mass loss rate of litte

关 键 词：落叶松属 人工林 凋落物分解 养分释放 

分 类 号：S791.22[农业科学—林木遗传育种]