CrN/TiAlN多层涂层的微观结构和摩擦磨损性能  

Microstructural, Frictional, and Wear Properties of CrN / TiAlN Multilayer Coatings

作　　者：田峰 段海涛[2] 潘邻[2] 许鑫宇[3] 秦江林 魏琴琴 罗国强[3] TIAN Feng;DUAN Haitao;PAN Lin;XU Xinyu;QIN Jianglin;WEI Qinqin;LUO Guoqiang(State Owned Wuhan Xinyu Machine Factory,Wuhan 430060,China;State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology,Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection,Wuhan 430030,China;State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]国营武汉新宇机器厂,武汉430060 [2]武汉材料保护研究所特种表面防护材料及应用技术国家重点实验室,武汉430030 [3]武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国表面工程》2024年第3期232-241,共10页China Surface Engineering

摘　　要：特种装备车辆往往在高速、高冲击等复杂环境下运行,底盘选装密封件表面容易被磨损造成密封失效,在密封工作面制备硬质涂层是提高服役寿命、延长维修周期的重要方法。采用物理气相沉积法在45#钢表面制备单层CrN涂层和不同过渡层厚度的多层CrN/TiAlN涂层,用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、表面轮廓仪、纳米压痕仪和往复式摩擦磨损试验机,研究涂层的微观结构、机械性能和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明单层CrN涂层厚度为0.87μm,其硬度和模量最小为19.49 GPa和160.53 GPa。CrN/TiAlN多层涂层的硬度和模量明显提高,且随过渡层厚度增加而增大,4CrN/TiAlN涂层的硬度和模量可达到39.86 GPa和386.72 GPa。在空气环境下的摩擦磨损试验中,单层CrN涂层被快速破坏;CrN/TiAlN多层涂层的平均摩擦因数随着过渡层厚度的增加先增大后减小,最大磨损深度和磨痕截面积不断下降。4CrN/TiAlN涂层具有最优摩擦磨损性能,其平均摩擦因数为0.792 5,磨痕截面积为315.09μm^(2),磨损机理为磨粒磨损和少量粘着磨损。提高过渡层厚度能够降低基体的塑性变形,降低涂层与基体的物理性能差异,减少涂层开裂并提高涂层摩擦磨损性能。通过调控过渡层厚度获得性能优异的CrN/TiAlN多层涂层,研究成果可应用于车辆旋转密封件上,显著提高密封工作面耐磨损性能。Special equipment vehicles often operate under high-speed,high-impact,or other adverse environmental conditions.The surface of a rotary shaft seal on the chassis of this type of vehicle is prone to wear and tear,which can lead to sealing failure.An important method for extending the service life and prolonging the maintenance interval is the preparation of hard coatings on the working surfaces of seals.The aim of this study is to improve the wear resistance and extend the service life of rotating axes.The rotary shaft on the vehicle chassis is generally made of 45#steel.Therefore,we prepared hard coatings with different structures on a 45#steel substrate that was ground,polished,and cleaned using ultrasound and alcohol in advance.A single-layer CrN coating and multilayer CrN/TiAlN coatings with thicknesses of support layers were prepared on the 45#steel via physical vapor deposition.The microstructure,mechanical properties,and friction and wear properties of the coatings were analyzed using X-ray diffractometry,scanning electron microscopy,surface profilometry,nanoindentation,and reciprocating tribometry.The single-layer CrN coating was 0.87μm thick,with hardness of 19.49 GPa and an elastic modulus of 160.53 GPa at a minimum.The multilayer CrN/TiAlN coatings had significantly higher hardness and elastic modulus values,which increased with the thickening of the support layer.The hardness and elastic modulus of the 4CrN/TiAlN coatings reached 39.86 and 386.72 GPa,respectively.The main reason for the increased hardness of the CrN/TiAlN multilayer coatings was Al doping.The addition of Al can refine the grain and cause crystal lattice distortion of nitride,which increases the resistance to dislocation movement and generates fine crystal strengthening and solid solution strengthening effects.In the friction and wear tests in an air atmosphere,the single-layer CrN coating was soon worn.With an increase in the thickness of the support layer,the average friction coefficient of the multilayer CrN/TiAlN coatings initially

关 键 词：45#钢 CRN涂层 CrN/TiAlN 多层涂层 耐磨性 磨损机制 

分 类 号：TG1[金属学及工艺—金属学]