草业科学的发展历程、学科体系及新时期的使命任务  

The History,Disciplinary System and Mission of Grassland Science in the New Era

作　　者：贺金生 韩国栋[3] 张英俊 呼天明[5] 师尚礼[6] 谢应忠[7] 段廷玉[1] 董世魁[8] 林克剑 王德利 王增裕[11] 郭振飞 南志标 Jinsheng He;Guodong Han;Yingjun Zhang;Tianming Hu;Shangli Shi;Yingzhong Xie;Tingyu Duan;Shikui Dong;Kejian Lin;Deli Wang;Zengyu Wang;Zhenfei Guo;Zhibiao Nan(State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871;College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011;College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Xianyang 712100;Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070;School of Forestry and Grassland Science,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021;School of Grassland Science.Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Institute of Grassland Research,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Hohhot 010010;School of Life Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Changchun 130024;School of Grassland Science,Qingdao Agriculture University,Qingdao 266109;College of Agro-grassland Science,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [3]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,呼和浩特010011 [4]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [5]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,咸阳712100 [6]甘肃农业大学草业学院,兰州730070 [7]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,银川750021 [8]北京林业大学草业与草原学院,北京100083 [9]中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特010010 [10]东北师范大学生命科学学院,长春130024 [11]青岛农业大学草业学院,青岛266109 [12]南京农业大学草业学院,南京210095

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2024年第4期638-646,共9页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(32192461)的资助。

摘　　要：草业科学,是研究草类植物与草地属性、功能及其合理利用的学科。草业科学是一门年轻的学科,整合了国际上草原学、饲草学、草地农业科学的学科特点,在任继周草地农业生态系统理论的基础上发展起来的。我国已经建立了具有中国特色的草业科学学科体系,根据学科的内涵和发展,目前设置了草原学、饲草学、草坪学、草地保护学和草业经营学5个二级学科。本文在简要总结草业科学发展历程的基础上,结合本世纪在草地农业生态系统多功能性、多服务性、以及多功能管理方面的新进展,建议增列草地农业系统学二级学科。新时期草业面临重大的国家需求:确保饲草安全,才能实现粮食安全;树立大食物观,大力发展草地农业,在多元化食物供给体系中发挥作用;立足国家生态屏障建设,在草地保护和修复事业中发挥支撑作用。本文进一步总结了这些需求背后的科技难题。国家的重大需求,对草业科学和草业人,既是机遇,也是挑战,更是使命。Grassland science is the subject to study the traits and functions of grassland and its component,and the utilization,conservation,and improvement of grasslands.Grassland science in China was developed on the basis of Ren Jizhous theory of grassland agro-ecosystem and integration of the characteristics of range science,forage science and science of grassland agriculture.A discipline system of grassland science with Chinese characteristics has been established in China,including range science,forage science,management of grassland pest,turf science,and economics and management of grassland agriculture.On the basis of briefly summarizing the history of grassland science,combined with the new progress in the multifunctionality,multiserviceability and multi-functional management of grassland ecosystems in this century,it is proposed to add science of grassland agriculture as a new sub-discipline of grassland science.Grassland science is facing major national demands and challenges in the new period:including forage security is essential for national food security;the establishment of a big food concept and the vigorous development of grassland agriculture contribute to the diversified food supply system;and the construction of the national ecological barrier plays a supportive role in the cause of grassland protection and restoration.This paper further summarizes the scientific and technological issues behind these demands.The major needs of the country are both opportunities,challenges and missions for grassland science.

关 键 词：草学 学科体系 草地农业系统学 多功能性 草地多功能管理 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]