草地生态系统保护、修复与功能提升的关键科学问题  

Key Scientific Questions of Grassland Protection,Restoration and Function Improvement

作　　者：朱剑霄 尚占环[2] 蒋胜竞 师研 冯琦胜[1] 赵新全 辛晓平[4] 闫玉春[4] 苏艳军 贺金生 Jianxiao Zhu;Zhanhuan Shang;Shengjing Jiang;Yan Shi;Qisheng Feng;Xinquan Zhao;Xiaoping Xin;Yuchun Yan;Yanjun Su;Jin-Sheng He(State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020;State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,College of Ecology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室草地农业科技学院,兰州730020 [2]兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室生态学院,兰州730000 [3]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810016 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [5]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2024年第4期658-667,共10页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32122061)的资助。

摘　　要：草地占我国国土面积的27.6%,在保障我国生态安全中发挥着重要作用。本文梳理了我国从单一追求草地资源的物质生产功能,到生产和生态兼顾,再到目前的生态优先、多功能目标管理的发展历程,分析了草地保护与修复政策施力点及其在遏制草地退化中的作用,分析了我国草地修复过程中的乡土草种质资源、土壤养分和土壤微生物等制约因素,介绍了依靠自然过程,将退化草地恢复到生物多样性、稳定性与地带性群落接近的草地近自然恢复理念与途径;凝练了我国草地保护和修复亟需解决的关键科学问题。建议在新时代草地保护与修复政策的保障下,尊重自然、顺应自然、践行近自然恢复理念,引领新时代由植被到生态系统的草地保护与修复工作。Grassland accounts for 27.6%of Chinas land area and plays an important role in maintaining ecological security of China.This paper summarized the development of China from a single pursuit of material production function of grassland resources,to the production and ecological balance,and to the current ecological priority and multi-functional goal management,analyzed the changes in the emphasis of the current status of grassland protection and restoration policy in China,and its role in curbing grassland degradation,and analyzed the constraints such as the germplasm resource of native grasses,soil nutrients and soil microorganisms during the process of Chinas grassland restoration,and then introduced the concept of close-to-nature restoration of grassland by relying on the natural processes to restore the degraded grassland to an ecosystem whose biodiversity and stability is close to that of the regional community;and the key scientific issues that need to be addressed in future protection and restoration of grasslands in China were condensed.It is suggested that under the guarantee of grassland protection and restoration policy in the new era,respecting and complying with nature,and practicing the concept of close-to-nature restoration will lead the grassland protection and restoration from vegetation to ecosystem in the future.

关 键 词：重点生态保护和修复工程 退化草地 乡土草种 土壤养分 土壤微生物 近自然恢复 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]