近十年NSF资助率和资助强度上升对我国科学基金资助工作的启示  

Implications of Rising NSF Funding Rate and Funding Intensity in Past Decade on Funding Work of National Natural Science Foundation of China

作　　者：吴晶磊[1] 孟庆峰[2] 邸月宝 高阳 姚玉鹏[2] Jinglei Wu;Qingfeng Meng;Yuebao Di;Yang Gao;Yupeng Yao(College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Institute of Science and Technology,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620;Bureau of Policy,National Natural Science Foundation of China,Beijing 100085;Department of Earth Sciences,National Natural Science Foundation of China,Beijing 100085)

机构地区：[1]东华大学生物与医学工程学院科学技术研究院,上海201620 [2]国家自然科学基金委员会政策局,北京100085 [3]国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部,北京100085

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2024年第4期687-695,共9页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

摘　　要：美国国家科学基金会(National Science Foundation,U.S.,NSF)2022财年预算为88.4亿美元,比2021财年拨款增长4.1%,创历史新高。NSF官网数据显示,资助率从2013年的22%稳步提高到2022年的28%,平均资助强度也从52.5万美元/项增至80.6万美元/项。统计数据显示,NSF资助率稳步上升可归因于每年申请量从近50000项逐渐下降至40000项左右,而资助项目量维持在11000项左右;平均资助强度的提高得益于NSF在维持资助项目量不变的同时,年度预算大幅提高,从约60亿美元增加至接近90亿美元。本文基于近十年NSF总体资助变化,提出对我国科学基金资助工作启示,认为我国应该持续加大基础研究投入以提高自然科学基金资助率,将科研人才红利转化为高质量发展的动力,在大国科技竞争中占据有利地位。The budget of the U.S.National Science Foundation(NSF)in 2022 fiscal year(FY)reached a record high of$8.84 billion,an increase of 4.1%over the appropriation in 2021 FY.According NSF official website,the funding success rate had steadily increased from 22%in 2013 to 28%in 2022,and the average funding intensity has also increased from$525000 per grant to$806000 per grant.Overall,the steady increase in NSF funding success rate can be attributed to the gradual decline in annual proposals from nearly 50000 to around 40000,while the number of funded grants remained at around 11000 annually;The increase in average funding intensity is attributed to the significant increase in NSFs annual budget from approximately$6 billion to nearly$9 billion,while maintaining the same number of annual funded grants.Based on the changes in NSFs overall funding in the past decade,we herein propose implications for Chinas natural science foundation work.We suggested that it should continue to increase investment in fundamental research to improve the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinas(NSFC)success rate and to transform the scientific talent resource into a driving force of high-quality development,finally taking advantage in the scientific and technological competion among major countries.

关 键 词：美国国家科学基金会 资助率 资助强度 自然科学基金 资助效能 

分 类 号：G322[文化科学] G327.12