微藻生物固定CO_(2)耦合污染物减排技术应用及展望  

Application and Prospect of the Coupled Technology of CO_(2)Fixation and Pollutant Emission Reduction by Microalgae

作　　者：莫壮洪 朱俊英 李煦 荣峻峰 MO Zhuanghong;ZHU Junying;LI Xu;RONG Junfeng(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China;Environmental Monitoring Station of Danzhou City,Danzhou 571700,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司,北京100083 [2]儋州市环境监测站,海南儋州571700

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2024年第5期1430-1445,共16页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：中国石油化工股份有限公司研发项目(222251)基金资助。

摘　　要：“碳达峰”与“碳中和”(“双碳”)是传统工业面临的巨大挑战,如何实现减污降碳协同增效愈加重要。微藻光合作用能固定CO_(2),还可利用废气及废水等作为营养源生长,减排污染物的同时实现生物质增值,是有望助力“双碳”战略目标的新型生物技术路线。基于微藻固碳减排技术的发展现状,探讨了微藻光合作用固定CO_(2)的机理;综述了影响微藻固碳效率的无机碳源、传质、光源、温度及pH值等关键因素及强化策略;深入分析NO_(x)、SO_(x)等在微藻培养体系中的溶解、传输、吸收利用及转化机理;系统探讨了微藻减排烟气污染物的方法和技术路线;进一步归纳了在污水处理以及重金属处理方面的作用机理和潜力;围绕微藻生物质的高价值转化以及产业化应用等方面开展了相关综述。最后讨论了微藻生物技术当前实践面临的挑战和未来前景,为“碳中和”探索协同减污降碳的技术方法、开发应用及工程实践提供参考。Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality is a huge challenge for traditional industries,so how to achieve synergistic efficiency in the reduction of pollution and carbon emission is becoming increasingly important.Microalgae can fix CO_(2)through photosynthesis,and it can also use waste gas and wastewater as nutrient sources to achieve growth,reducing pollutants while producing value-added biomass,which provides a new biotechnology route that is expected to help realize the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.Based on the development status of microalgae carbon fixation and emission reduction technology,the paper discusses the mechanism of microalgae photosynthesis for fixing CO_(2),reviews the key factors and strengthening strategies such as inorganic carbon source,mass transfer,light source,temperature and pH that affect the efficiency of microalgae carbon fixation,deeply analyzes the dissolution,transmission,absorption,utilization and transformation mechanism of NO_(x)and SO_(x)in the microalgae culture system,systematically explores the methods and technology roadmap of microalgae emission reduction of flue gas pollutants,and further summarizes the effect mechanism and potential of microalgae in sewage treatment and heavy metal treatment.Moreover,relevant reviews are conducted on the high-value conversion and industrial application of microalgae biomass.Finally,the challenges to current practice and future prospects faced by microalgae biotechnology are discussed,providing a reference for the exploration of technical approaches,development and applications,and engineering practices regarding collaborative pollution reduction and carbon reduction in pursuit of carbon neutrality.

关 键 词：微藻 CO_(2) 固定 污染物减排 生物质利用 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X703