Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)  

作　　者：Ryan McClory Richard H.Ellis Martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob MacKenzie 

机构地区：[1]School of Agriculture,Policy and Development,University of Reading,Agriculture,Earley Gate,Whiteknights Road,PO Box 237,Reading RG66EU,UK [2]Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences,Czech University of Life Sciences Prague,Prague 165000,Czechia [3]Future Trees Trust,Harwell Innovation Centre,Building 173,Curie Avenue,Harwell,Oxford OX110QG,UK [4]Birmingham Institute of Forest Research,University of Birmingham,Edgbaston,Birmingham B152TT,UK [5]School of Biosciences,University of Birmingham,Edgbaston,Birmingham B152TT,UK [6]School of Geography,Earth and Environmental Sciences,University of Birmingham,Edgbaston,Birmingham B152TT,UK

出　　处：《Journal of Forestry Research》2024年第4期1-12,共12页林业研究（英文版）

基　　金：supported by Future Trees Trust,The Patsy Wood Trust,Scottish Forestry Trust,Aitchinson Tait Trust,and Action Oak for funding;support from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NE/S015833/1 (QUINTUS));support from the JABBS Trust,Norbury Park Estate,The John Horseman Trust,Ecological Continuity Trust,and the University of Birmingham;Access to BIFoR Core Data was funded by Royal Society University Research Fellowship URFR1191326

摘　　要：Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each year.Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced photosynthesis.To examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) concentrations.Inter-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in 2018.The numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting Q.robur at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature acorns.The number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient plots.Enrichment with CO_(2) also increased the number of oak knopper galls(Andricus quercuscal

关 键 词：Quercus robur L. ACORNS MASTING Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide 

分 类 号：S792.18[农业科学—林木遗传育种]