铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤重金属分布特征及风险评估研究  

作　　者：王兴伟 王玉云 赵妮 

机构地区：[1]四川省自然资源实验测试研究中心(四川省核应急技术支持中心),四川成都610052 [2]四川省雅安生态环境监测中心站,四川雅安625000

出　　处：《环境保护与循环经济》2024年第8期36-41,56,共7页environmental protection and circular economy

摘　　要：以铅锌冶炼厂为研究对象,测试了土壤中Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn 8种重金属的分布和污染情况,并采用Pi,PN,I_(geo),RI对土壤污染程度和生态风险进行评价。结果表明:土壤重金属平均含量均高于中国土壤元素背景值(四川省),最大值高于GB 15618—2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》标准限值,且属于高度变异,土壤受到外界干扰较为明显。土壤重金属Pi均值依次为Cd>Zn>Cr>Pb>As>Cu>Ni>Hg,其中Cd的Pi均值显示为重度污染。土壤重金属PN最大值达到了17.17,各采样点有62.5%点位土壤处于重度污染水平,土壤污染主要贡献因子为Cd,Zn,Pb。Cd的I_(geo)均值为重度—严重污染程度,Hg的I_(geo)均值为中度污染程度,Zn,Pb,Cr,As的I_(geo)均值介于无—中度污染程度,各元素均出现不同程度的累积。土壤Cd,Hg的单项潜在生态风险达到极强风险程度。RI范围为194.06~2887.79,土壤RI整体处于很强生态风险程度,其中Cd是综合潜在风险最主要的贡献因子,其次是Hg,As,Pb等。铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤受到外界不同程度影响,造成重金属污染。This study selected a lead-zinc smelter as the research object and tested the distribution and pollution of eight heavy metals,including Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Ni,and Zn,in the soil.Single factor index(Pi)evaluation,Nemero comprehensive pollution index(PN)evaluation,land accumulation index(I_(geo))evaluation,and potential ecological risk(Ri)evaluation were used to evaluate the degree of soil pollution and ecological risk.The results showed that the average content of heavy metals in soil was higher than the background values of soil elements in China(Sichuan Province)and the maximum value is higher than the limit values of the"Soil Environmental Quality Agricultural Land Soil Pollution Risk Control Standard(Trial)"(GB 15618-2018)standards,and it belonged to high variability.The soil was more significantly affected by external interference.The average Pi value of soil heavy metals is Cd>Zn>Cr>Pb>As>Cu>Ni>Hg,with the average Pi of Cd being heavily polluted.The maximum value of soil heavy metal PN reached 17.17,and 62.5%of the sampling points had soil at a severe pollution level.The main contributing factors to soil pollution were Cd,Zn,and Pb.The average I_(geo) of Cd is between severe and strong severe pollution levels,while the average I_(geo) of Hg is moderate pollution levels.The average I_(geo) of Zn,Pb,Cr,and As ranges from none to moderate pollution levels,and each element accumulates to varying degrees.The single potential ecological risk of soil Cd and Hg reaches an extremely strong level of risk.The range of Pi is 194.06-2887.79,and the overall comprehensive potential ecological risk of soil is at a strong level of ecological risk,Cd is the main contributing factor to the comprehensive potential risk,followed by Hg,As,Pb,etc.The soil around the lead-zinc smelting plant is significantly affected by external interference,causing varying degrees of heavy metal pollution to the soil.

关 键 词：土壤重金属 污染特征 污染评价 冶炼厂 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]