禁毒社会工作实务中伦理困境的辨析与思考——基于伦理绝对主义和伦理相对主义的再认识  

Analysis and Reflection on Ethical Dilemmas in Anti-Drug Social Work Practice:Re-Understanding Based on Ethical Absolutism and Ethical Relativism

作　　者：邓世仑[1] DENG Shilun(School of Public Administration,Guangdong Police College,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东警官学院公共管理学院,广东广州510000

出　　处：《社会工作与管理》2024年第5期22-30,共9页Social Work and Management

基　　金：广东省重点建设学科科研能力提升项目“社会治理现代化背景下我省毒品问题治理的实证研究”(2021ZDJS046)。

摘　　要：禁毒社会工作是禁毒公共服务的关键组成力量,也是社会工作的重要实践领域。社会工作者在介入社区戒毒社区康复人员服务实践中经常面临价值冲突和伦理困境,这在哲学层面上是伦理绝对主义和伦理相对主义的认识论冲突。禁毒社会工作中的伦理挑战来自多重角色、案主自决、专业关系、隐私保密、职业风险五个方面。应对伦理困境的策略包括:第一,澄清伦理议题,辨别“真”“假”困境;第二,凸显专业角色,规避身份混淆;第三,遵循法律要求,平衡相对自决;第四,设立清晰界限,争取最小伤害;第五,提升伦理敏感性,重视风险防范。禁毒社会工作者应强化专业伦理,做好反思性实践,将专业核心价值与禁毒实务更好地融合,以此应对禁毒社会工作中的伦理挑战。Anti-drug social work is a key component of anti-drug public services and an important practical field of social work.Social workers often encounter value conflicts and ethical dilemmas when providing services for community drug rehabilitation people.In fact,at the philosophical level,it is an epistemological conflict between ethical absolutism and ethical relativism.The ethical challenges in current anti-drug social work come from five aspects:multiple roles,self-determination of the client,professional relationships,privacy and confidentiality,and occupational risks.The strategies to address ethical dilemmas include clarifying ethical issues and distinguishing between“true”and“false”dilemmas,highlight professional roles and avoiding identity confusion,following legal requirements and balancing relative self-determination,establishing clear boundaries and striving for minimal harm,enhancing ethical sensitivity and attaching importance to risk prevention.Anti-drug social workers should strengthen professional ethics,engage in reflective practices,and better integrate core values of social work with anti-drug practices to address ethical challenges in anti-drug social work.

关 键 词：禁毒社会工作 伦理困境 伦理绝对主义 伦理相对主义 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]