协作配送中多车型和顾客时间窗对企业成本节约的影响研究  

The influence of multiple vehicle types and customer time windows on the cost savings of the alliance members under the collaborative vehicle routing problem

作　　者：饶卫振[1] 徐丰 朱庆华[2] 王滋承 RAO Weizhen;XU Feng;ZHU Qinghua;WANG Zicheng(College of Economics and Management,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;Antai College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学经济管理学院,山东青岛266590 [2]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院,上海200030

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2024年第5期118-139,共22页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新群体(72221001);教育部人文社会科学基金一般项目(21YJA630075);教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目(20YJCZH175)。

摘　　要：协作配送是实现企业降本增效的重要途径。传统研究多假设联盟车辆同质且未考虑顾客时间窗,但实际中联盟企业的车辆异质以及顾客对配送时效的要求普遍存在。本文考虑每个企业的多车型以及企业之间车型的差异、顾客期望时间窗,建立了以一次性生成2n-1(n为企业数量)个子联盟对应协作配送问题的数学模型,利用自适应大邻域搜索算法求解最优路径,运用Shapley值法分摊大联盟总配送成本。通过设计并求解多组算例,本文验证并探讨了各企业参与协作所实现的经济效益,重点分析了车辆多样性和顾客时间窗对大联盟及每个成员配送成本节约的影响。结果表明:在时间窗约束下,车辆装载能力不完全相同的企业协作配送能够保证货物准时送达,提高车辆平均装载率并减少49.55%~72.77%的配送成本;与大联盟中所有成员均拥有相同的车型相比,某个成员新增一类不同车型有益于减少大联盟的协作总配送成本,降低该成员在大联盟中分摊的成本及分摊比重;某个成员所服务顾客的期望时间窗数量越少或该成员的顾客期望等待时间越长时,不同顾客时间窗之间的协调程度越高,大联盟的协作总配送成本、该成员的成本分摊及分摊比重越小。As China has become a global logistics power,the single vehicle type cannot meet the large-scale demand,enterprises tend to apply diversified vehicles,and customers have higher requirements for delivery timeliness.Under the situation where enterprises individually distribute goods in competition with others,enterprises face a major challenge to economically and ecologically realize punctual delivery.In the studies of collaborative distribution,it is found that an effective way can be used by enterprises to both reduce costs and increase efficiency,attracting extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad for its economic,environmental and social benefits.The differences in vehicle type and customer time window are in line with real needs,though not much research has been done by now,which introduces the diversification of vehicle types of each enterprise,the differences of vehicle types among different enterprises and the customer′s expected delivery time window into the multi-enterprise cooperative delivery.On the other hand,the relevant research indicated that the members in the alliance always hope that the shared distribution cost after reaching the collaboration is as low as possible,and the distribution cost of the collaboration is highly variable due to the characteristics of partners.In the research of collaborative distribution,it can be seen that most efforts have been on the influence of the number of partners and the overlap degree of customer distribution on the total distribution cost of the collaboration alliance,however the research needs to further focus on the relationship between vehicle types and customer time windows as well as the total distribution cost of the alliance.In addition,it is essential to study the distribution cost allocation changes for each member of the collaboration alliance from an individual perspective,effectively analyze the influence of member characteristics on the collaboration distribution cost.As a result,it is significant to explore how the diversification

关 键 词：异质车辆 顾客期望时间窗 协作配送 成本分摊 成本节约 

分 类 号：C93[经济管理—管理学]