考虑物料关联的仓库区位分配优化研究  

Optimization of the storage location assignment problem considering material correlations

作　　者：赵东强 张振骞 蒋昕嘉 陶文瑀 ZHAO Dongqiang;ZHANG Zhenqian;JIANG Xinjia;TAO Wenyu(College of Economics and Management,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学经济与管理学院,江苏南京211106

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2024年第5期292-305,共14页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72071108、71701095);教育部人文社会科学基金项目(17YJC630050)。

摘　　要：货位分配(storage location assignment problem,SLAP),即在存储区域为物料分配货位的过程。当仓库布局、拣货路径、订单组合等其他因素确定时,货位分配策略对订单拣货效率有很大影响。本文研究实际生产型仓库中的关联物料区位分配问题。生产中使用的相对稳定的BOM(bill of material)使得仓库中的物料具有稳定的相关性,因此,本文考虑将具有需求关联的物料存储在同一区域,以尽可能地减少在拣选物料时所需要的区域访问次数。此外,该仓库还存在两个重要特征,即存在两类不同尺寸货架构成的两类不同容量的区域及采用严格的重物下置原则。本文建立了以最小化区域访问次数为目标的数学规划模型,给出了求解该问题的一种聚类启发式方法与自适应大邻域搜索算法(adaptive large neighborhood search,ALNS),并设计了能够反映物料关联特征的小规模和大规模算例用于测试两种算法的性能。将两个算法结果与随机策略、CPLEX求解结果对比,结果显示聚类启发式方法与ALNS在大规模算例中表现明显优于随机策略和CPLEX的求解结果。As the fourth industrial revolution continues to advance,the competition between companies is becoming increasingly fierce.To gain a competitive advantage in logistics,even traditional manufacturing companies need more efficient warehouses catered for their production requirements.Many activities have significant impact on the cost and efficiency of warehouse management,which includes receiving,storage,order picking,packaging and shipping.Order picking accounts for up to 55%of the total cost in warehouse operations.For the companies with manual warehouses,the traveling time of an order picker is a critical factor measuring the operational cost and efficiency.Although order picking route can be improve to certain extent in real-time operations,the systematic improvement relies on the Storage Location Assignment Problem(SLAP),which determines the storage position or zone at a planning level.Because SLAP has a significant impact on the order picking efficiency,it has been widely studied by both researchers and practitioners.This paper studies the storage location assignment problem considering material correlations in a real production warehouse.The picking pattern in this warehouse is more stable than that in a retail warehouse,because the material requirements is closely related to the production process in terms of bill of materials(BOM).The consistent BOMs used in the production process lead to materials with stable correlations,which shall be stored in adjacent locations to facilitate order picking.Besides material correlations,rack capacity and weight restrictions make SLAP more challenging in practice.Firstly,to improve the space utilization in the limited area with concrete columns,two types of racks with different lengths are used in the warehouse,which constitutes two types of zones with different storage capacities.Each storage zone has a dedicated sub-aisle which connects to the main aisle crossing the whole warehouse.Secondly,for safety reasons,materials above certain weight threshold shall be assigned

关 键 词：货位分配 关联物料 重物下置 区域容量差异 自适应大邻域搜索算法 

分 类 号：C934[经济管理—管理学]