施肥对杉木林不同土层温室气体排放的影响  

Effects of fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions from different soil layers in a Chinese fir plantation

作　　者：黄智军[1] 谭世广 丁驰 祝嘉新 丘清燕 胡亚林 HUANG Zhijun;TAN Shiguang;DING Chi;ZHU Jiaxin;QIU Qingyan;HU Yalin(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;College of Juncao Science and Ecology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学菌草与生态学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2024年第5期457-467,共11页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：福建省科技厅自然科学基金项目“亚热带不同菌根类型树种根系/菌丝碳源输入对土壤有机碳转化过程的影响差异研究”(2023J01433);国家自然科学基金项目“亚热带典型森林土壤NO与N2O排放及其对氮沉降响应的微生物机制”(41703066)。

摘　　要：为深入研究深层土壤温室气体的迁移扩散特征,以亚热带杉木人工林为研究对象,设置施肥和不施肥2种处理,采用气体浓度梯度扩散法研究施肥对杉木人工林0~40 cm土层深度温室气体通量的影响,在此基础上结合土壤物理、化学和微生物指标的变化阐明影响不同土层温室气体通量的主导因子。结果表明:杉木人工林土壤是二氧化碳(CO_(2))与氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)的排放源,甲烷(CH_(4))的吸收汇;土壤排放的CO_(2)、N_(2)O通量和土壤吸收的CH_(4)通量均随着土壤深度的增加而降低,0~10 cm土层土壤排放的CO_(2)、N_(2)O通量和吸收的CH_(4)通量分别是30~40 cm土层气体通量的1.3、2.5和3.3倍;与不施肥处理相比,施肥显著抑制了各土层CO_(2)的排放与CH_(4)的吸收(P<0.05),施肥处理后杉木人工林土壤排放的CO_(2)通量降低了56.7%~77.5%,土壤吸收的CH_(4)通量降低了30.4%~57.8%,而且施肥对这两种气体排放的抑制作用分别在30~40 cm和20~40 cm土层中最明显;施肥显著降低了10~30 cm土层土壤排放的N_(2)O通量(P<0.05),其中10~20 cm土层土壤排放的N_(2)O通量降低最明显。施肥主要通过提高土壤湿度以降低土壤CO_(2)与N_(2)O的排放和土壤对CH4的吸收。To investigate the migration and transformation of greenhouse gases across soil layers,we examined the impact of fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions from the 0 to 40 cm soil layers in a subtropical Chinese fir plantation.Additionally,we identified the dominant factors regulating greenhouse gas emissions from various soil layers.Our findings revealed that forest soil acted as both a source of CO_(2)and N_(2)O and a sink for CH_(4).As soil depth increased,both CO_(2)and N_(2)O emissions decreased,along with CH_(4)absorption.Specifically,the CO_(2)and N_(2)O emissions and CH4 absorption from the 0 to 10 cm soil layer were 1.3⁃,2.5⁃,and 3.3⁃fold greater than those from the 30 to 40 cm layer,respectively.Fertilization significantly reduced soil CO_(2)emissions and CH_(4) uptake in each layer(P<0.05).Compared with those of the unfertilized treatment,fertilization led to a substantial decrease in soil CO_(2)emissions(approximately 56.7%-77.5%)and CH_(4) absorption(approximately 30.4%-57.8%).Notably,the inhibitory effect of fertilization on these gases was most pronounced in the 30-40 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers.Furthermore,N_(2)O emissions decreased significantly in the 10-30 cm soil layers due to fertilization(P<0.05),with the most obvious effect observed in the 10-20 cm layer.Overall,fertilization primarily reduced soil CO_(2)and N_(2)O emissions and CH_(4)uptake by increasing soil moisture content.

关 键 词：温室气体 土层深度 施肥 杉木人工林 二氧化碳 甲烷 氧化亚氮 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学] S791.27