采伐方式对硬头黄竹非结构性碳水化合物分配特征的影响  

Effects of harvesting methods on the distribution characteristics of non⁃structural carbohydrates in Bambusa rigida

作　　者：石会宇 蔡春菊 范少辉 王一 SHI Huiyu;CAI Chunju;FAN Shaohui;WANG Yi(International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,China;Sanya Research Base of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan,Sanya,Hainan 572022,China;National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Bamboo Ecosystem in Changning,Yibin,Sichuan 644000,China)

机构地区：[1]国际竹藤中心,北京100102 [2]国际竹藤中心三亚研究基地,海南三亚572022 [3]四川长宁竹林生态系统定位观测研究站,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2024年第5期551-560,共10页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：“十四五”重点研发项目课题“竹林多目标高效经营技术”(2023YFD2201203)研究任务“带丛状采伐竹林高效经营技术”。

摘　　要：以优良纸浆用丛生竹种硬头黄竹(Bambusa rigida)为研究对象,探究不同处理下丛生竹生长变化、快速生长过程母竹和新竹内非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量动态变化及二者之间的相关关系,旨在探究母竹对新竹NSC的供给规律,从而优化林分结构和采伐方式,揭示丛生竹快速生长的内在规律。设置保留1年生母竹(处理Ⅰ)和保留1、2年生母竹(处理Ⅱ)两种采伐模式,并以不采伐处理的硬头黄竹丛为对照(CK),分析不同采伐方式下竹丛的出笋、成竹和生物量特征,比较3种采伐模式竹丛生长的数量和质量变化。研究硬头黄竹快速生长过程中5个关键时期的母竹叶、枝、秆和根NSC含量、含水率动态变化,探究不同年龄母竹与新竹NSC的供求关系。结果表明,不同采伐处理硬头黄竹的繁殖率为处理Ⅰ>处理Ⅱ>CK,成竹率为CK>处理Ⅱ>处理Ⅰ,新竹生物量为CK>处理Ⅱ>处理Ⅰ,且均表现为处理Ⅰ与CK和处理Ⅱ差异显著(P<0.05), CK与处理Ⅱ差异不显著。不同处理的1年生母竹上发出的新竹胸径最大,其出笋、成竹数和新竹生物量占总数的90%以上。新竹快速生长期从笋芽萌动到高停止生长,新竹NSC含量总体上呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,在节间快速生长时期达到最大,不同年龄母竹各器官NSC含量均呈现出逐渐下降趋势,其中处理Ⅰ母竹枝、叶、秆、根NSC含量分别下降49.70%、 54.05%、 39.85%、 60.86%,均高于处理Ⅱ中1年生与2年生母竹各器官NSC含量下降幅度,处理Ⅱ中1、 2年生母竹各器官下降幅度差异不显著。相关性分析表明,处理Ⅰ中母竹的叶、根和秆的淀粉含量与新竹的淀粉含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),处理Ⅱ中1年生母竹的叶、根和枝,2年生母竹的根和秆的淀粉含量均与新竹的淀粉含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。在硬头黄竹采伐经营中,伐除3年生及以上的母竹,保留1、 2年生母竹能有效提升竹林生产力及�Bambusa rigida was investigated to study the growth changes under different treatments,dynamic changes of non⁃structural carbohydrates(NSC)in the mother and new bamboos during rapid growth,and their correlation.In this study,we aimed to understand NSC supply from mother to new bamboos,optimize forest stand structure and harvesting methods,and reveal inherent rules of bamboo rapid growth.The aim of this study was to investigate the NSC supply pattern from mother bamboo to new bamboo,aiming to optimize stand structure and harvesting methods and provide insights into the rapid growth dynamics of bamboo.Two harvesting modes were implemented:retaining 1⁃year⁃old female bamboo(treatmentⅠ)and retaining 1⁃and 2⁃year⁃old female bamboo(treatmentⅡ),with non⁃harvested hard⁃headed yellow bamboo clumps serving as the control(CK).This study analyzed bamboo shoot characteristics,bamboo formation,and biomass across different harvesting modes,comparing quantitative and qualitative changes in bamboo growth among the three treatments.The study examined dynamic changes in NSC content and water content in leaves,branches,culms,and roots of female bamboos during five critical growth stages of hard⁃headed yellow bamboo.This aimed to explore the supply⁃demand relationship of NSC between female bamboos and new bamboos at different developmental stages.Results showed that the reproduction rate of hard⁃headed yellow bamboo varied across treatments,with treatmentⅠ>treatmentⅡ>CK.Conversely,bamboo formation rate and new bamboo biomass were higher in CK>treatmentⅡ>treatmentⅠ,demonstrating significant differences between treatmentⅠand CK,and treatmentⅡ(P<0.05),with no significant differences observed between CK and treatmentⅡ.New bamboos originating from 1⁃year⁃old parent bamboos in different treatments exhibited the largest diameter at breast height,with their shoots,bamboo formation,and biomass accounting for over 90%of the total.During the rapid growth phase from shoot sprouting to growth cessation,

关 键 词：硬头黄竹 快速生长期 非结构性碳水化合物 采伐方式 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]