马克思历史唯物主义的规范性视角——论艾伦·布坎南对马克思正义思想“反法权”解读  

The Normative Perspective of Marx's Historical Materialism-On Allan Buchanan's‘Anti-juridical’Interpretation of Marx's Justice Thoughts

作　　者：王宇明 WANG Yuming(School of Philosophy,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110136,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学哲学院,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《辽宁大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期77-84,共8页Journal of Liaoning University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新时代哲学社会科学的育人功能与人的全面发展问题研究”(19BZX025);辽宁大学本科教学改革项目“基于‘真实问题’教学的本科伦理学教学改革——以《西方伦理思想史》课程为例”(d272454099)。

摘　　要：艾伦·布坎南认为马克思肯定规范性概念的“批判性作用”而否定“解释性作用”,使用资本主义正义的具体内容批判资本主义为不正义的,修正了“塔克-伍德命题”的结论。更进一步地,布坎南提出基于普遍人性概念的“共产主义的评价性视角”,从“反法权”的事实性角度说明共产主义如何相较资本主义更正义。但是,布坎南继承了艾伦·伍德对历史唯物主义的目的论和功能主义理解,“内在批判”与“外在批判”的理论划分未能突破伍德理论的窠臼,反而将马克思思想阐释为功利主义的。这使得布坎南对马克思正义思想的“反法权”解读仅仅在名义上得到规范性的结论,将马克思对资本主义正义具体内容的批判误解为对正义本身的批判,实质上忽视了历史唯物主义本身的规范性内容。马克思历史唯物主义不仅仅蕴含着规范性的视角,而且从批判正义的具体内容入手,重构了正义概念本身、变革了规范性的本质。Allan Buchanan believed that Marx affirmed the"critical role"of normative concepts and denied the"explanatory role",using the specific content of capitalist justice to criticize capitalism as unjust,and revised the conclusion of Tucker-Wood thesis.Furthermore,Buchanan proposed an"evaluative perspective of communism"based on the concept of universal human nature,explaining how communism is more just than capitalism from the factual perspective of anti-juridical conception.However,Buchanan inherited Wood's teleological and functionalist understanding of historical materialism,and the theoretical division of"internal criticism"and"external criticism"failed to break through the mold of Wood's theory,instead interpreted Marx's thought as utilitarian.This interpretation of"anti-juridical conceptions"to Marx's justice thought nominally draws a normative conclusion,misinterpreting Marx's criticism of the specific content of capitalist justice as a criticism of justice itself,and essentially ignoring the normative content of historical materialism itself.Marx's historical materialism not only contains a normative perspective,but also reconstructs the concept of justice itself and changes the essence of normativity based on criticizing the specific content of justice.

关 键 词：艾伦·布坎南 正义 “塔克-伍德命题” 历史唯物主义 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]