影响视觉障碍患者在综合医院门诊寻路的空间环境要素研究  

A study of spatial and environmental elements influencing wayfinding by visually impaired patients in outpatient departments of general hospitals

作　　者：周鹏博 马航 王墨晗 ZHOU Pengbo;MA Hang;WANG Mohan

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学(深圳) [2]中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2024年第4期7-16,共10页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52008126);深圳市高等院校稳定支持计划稳定支持面上项目(GXWD20220811163342003)。

摘　　要：综合医院门诊普遍存在寻路难的问题,而视觉障碍患者由于自身健康状态限制,在其中寻路更是难上加难。本研究旨在识别影响综合医院门诊视觉障碍患者寻路的要素,解释这些要素影响寻路的方式,建立这些要素之间的联系,并将其整合为理论框架,以供医疗建筑的设计者、研究者和管理者参考。本研究采用质性研究的方法,首先获取并采用扎根理论分析视障患者的半结构访谈资料。然后,请眼科工作人员对患者提出的要素进行补充、剔除和调整,进而提出影响视障患者在综合医院门诊中寻路的要素框架。该框架中的要素包括空间、环境、寻路主体特征、他人行为、医院服务管理五类。在此基础上,将本研究所得要素与既有文献研究结果进行对比分析,明确要素的全面性和特殊性。最终,根据多方资料的汇总提出视障患者友好的综合医院门诊包容性设计建议。本研究所提出的通用设计建议包括控制空间的秩序和尺度,以及保障环境的信息有效性。此外,本研究还针对视障患者从垂直交通、标识外观、感觉补偿和视觉环境四个方面提出了特殊的设计建议。本研究为通过建筑设计手段改善综合医院门诊中视觉障碍患者寻路难的问题提供了科学依据和理论指导。This study explores the intricate challenges of wayfinding that visually impaired patients encounter within the outpatient departments of general hospitals.Addressing this aspect is essential for bolstering the inclusivity and functionality of healthcare environments.In the face of an escalating prevalence of visual impairment,which poses considerable public health concerns,the imperative for meticulous and inclusive design in healthcare facilities has never been more critical.As visually impaired individuals traverse the complex maze of hospital corridors,departments,and services,the architectural design of hospitals bears the responsibility to cater to their distinct requirements.The research employs a qualitative approach,commencing with semi-structured interviews of visually impaired patients to identify the spatial and environmental elements impacting their wayfinding experience.These interviews provide an in-depth look at the challenges faced,from navigating large open spaces to interpreting complex layouts,which might be effortlessly navigated by those possessing full visual acuity.Employing the process of Grounded Theory,the study meticulously codes and dissects the textual data derived from these interviews.This analytical process leads to the construction of a foundational framework that encapsulates the key elements influencing the wayfinding process.This methodological choice is pivotal as it guarantees that the study’s conclusions are fundamentally anchored in the authentic experiences and viewpoints of the patients themselves,lending a voice to their unique navigational journeys within the healthcare setting.Subsequently,ophthalmology staff engages in a rigorous review process of the emerging framework,facilitated through online discussions.This collaborative effort is pivotal,ensuring that the framework is not only practically relevant but also enriched with professional insights.The expert feedback from these discussions is instrumental,effectively bridging the divide between the nuanced needs o

关 键 词：综合医院 门诊 寻路 视障患者 空间环境 

分 类 号：TU246[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]