基于手机信令数据的城市相对贫困空间识别研究——以广州市为例  

The identification of urban relative poverty based on mobile phone metadata:A case studyof Guangzhou

作　　者：袁媛 吴庆瑜 李珊 陈曦 梁旭初 YUAN Yuan;WU Qingyu;LI Shan;CHEN Xi;LIANG Xuchu

机构地区：[1]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广东省城市化与地理环境空间模拟重点实验室 [2]广州大学建筑与城市规划学院 [3]广州市城市规划设计有限公司

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2024年第4期60-66,共7页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41871161,52278085,42301182);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515110331)。

摘　　要：手机信令数据记录了城市个体的社会经济属性信息,在城市贫困空间识别中可以更精准地定位相对贫困群体。以广州市为例,尝试结合手机信令数据与问卷调查数据,构建了个体手机使用指标与经济水平间的多元线性回归模型,再利用手机信令数据识别城市内部相对贫困空间。研究发现,个体层面上“手机通讯费用”“APP使用偏好”与其经济水平具有关联性;空间层面上呈“中心高、四周低”的空间分布规律,中心城区内相对贫困空间集中于老城区、城中村和旧工业区。对比传统人口普查数据识别结果,发现基于手机信令数据的相对贫困识别具有较高的可行性。研究丰富了城市相对贫困空间识别的方法体系,对有针对性推进贫困治理工作具有实践意义。China won the battle against poverty in 2020,signifying the resolution of absolute poverty in rural areas,but the relative poverty phenomenon in urban areas persists.How to solve the intricate problem of relative poverty within cities,as well as to alleviate the problem of unbalanced and inadequate socio-economic development?It will become an important topic in the next stage of poverty research.The prerequisite for eliminating urban relative poverty is the accurate identification of urban relatively poor individuals as well as their concentration spaces.With the rapid development of Internet technology,multi-scale and multi-type open big data,such as remote sensing images and street view images,contain integrated information reflecting the built environment,improving the identification accuracy of research in poverty space.However,there are some limitations in accurately identifying relatively poor individuals,such as the difficulty of image data in revealing the socio-economic characteristics of poor individuals.Mobile phone data record information on the socio-economic attributes of urban residents,which can identify the urban poverty space more precisely by locating relatively poor groups.Therefore,taking Guangzhou as an example,this paper combined mobile phone metadata with questionnaire data to identify the relative poverty space within the city.Starting from individual poverty,this paper collected information on mobile phone usage,income and consumption of urban residents through a questionnaire survey.Then,this paper analyzed the correlation between individual mobile phone usage and economic poverty,establishing a poverty index as the dependent variable based on income and consumption data,and using mobile phone usage indicators as the independent variables.After that,a multiple linear regression model between mobile phone indicators and economic status was constructed.Finally,based on the mobile phone metadata,the poverty index of each town or sub-district was calculated to identify the relative poverty

关 键 词：相对贫困 手机信令数据 多元线性回归 贫困识别 贫困空间 

分 类 号：TU984.114[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]