山地历史镇村消防规划的适应性方法研究——以重庆中山古镇为例  

Study on adaptive strategies of mountainous historical towns and villages’fire-fighting planning:Taking Zhongshan Ancient Town in Chongqing as an example

作　　者：辜元[1] 钱紫华[1] 谢臻[1] GU Yuan;QIAN Zihua;XIE Zhen

机构地区：[1]重庆市规划设计研究院,自然资源部国土空间规划监测评估预警重点实验室

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2024年第4期150-156,共7页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：重庆市技术预见与制度创新项目(CSTB2024TFIIOIX0057)。

摘　　要：消防安全是安全工作的重要组成部分,也是城乡高质量发展的重要前提。山地历史镇村因其复杂的地形环境、不便的对外交通、滞后的经济发展,相较平原地区,面临着更大的火灾风险。研究聚焦山地历史镇村消防面临的难点与现有研究的不足,引入规划适应性理论,按照“从动—适动—能动”的适应性思维,提出了构建精准的防火分区体系、配置多层级立体的消防设施系统、构建平灾结合的消防通道网络、采取灵活的建筑耐火措施等的消防规划路径与方法。其中,在防火分区方面,形成“全面开展火灾风险评估—精准划分防火分区—有效设置隔离空间”的规划技术方法;在消防设施方面,利用山地地势高差、水源充足等特点,构建多层级、立体化的消防设施系统;在消防通道方面,设立基本消防通道—可转换消防通道—可拓展消防通道的三级通道系统;在建筑防火方面,提出构建建筑防火综合评价体系、加强传统建筑内部的电气线路规范化等举措。基于上述方法,以重庆中山古镇为案例,开展了具体的火灾后消防规划实证,可以为山地历史镇村的消防安全保护工作提供重要的经验借鉴。China attaches g reat i mportance to fi re safety,a nd has put forward t he requirements of improving the level of modern fire management and stabilizing urban and rural fire safety.Compared with the“low-lying land”in fire safety work,historical towns and villages in mountainous areas should actively respond to eliminate fire safety hazards and improve fire governance.Firstly,most historical towns and villages in mountainous areas are relatively far apart,and it is not convenient to reach an urban fire station.Secondly,as the spatial form of towns and villages represents a combination of the group type,one-line type and walled fortress type,and there are many hidden dangers in the towns and villages,such as unreasonable fire compartment and insufficient service of fire facility.Thirdly,the streets and alleys in towns and villages can not meet the standard requirements of the current firepath because of the patterns broken lines and curves.And fourthly,traditional buildings are mostly made of timber,the roofs are connected and the eaves are overlapping,and building interval is generally not up to standard.Therefore,they are at greater fire risk than those in plain areas.At the same time,there are widespread problems such as unclear fire protection needs,contradictions between fire protection measures and protection of historical towns and villages,and spatial mismatch between fire protection configuration and spatial characteristics of historical towns and villages.At present,a series of regulations and documents have been formed focusing on fire planning,design,management and other aspects,while there are relatively few studies on historical towns and villages in mountainous areas,and the planning methods and measures should be running ongoing researches targeted on effectivity.Based on the theory of“adaptability”,the fire planning was taken as the“organic subject”,and landscape natural environment and historical and cultural heritage as the“objective environment”.Combined with the spatial charact

关 键 词：山地历史镇村 消防规划 适应性 技术方法 中山古镇 

分 类 号：TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]