一种用于DOA估计的高精度同步多天线系统设计  

Design of a high-precision synchronized multi-antenna system for DOA estimation

作　　者：戚胜宇 武杰[1,2] 马钰博 Qi Shengyu;Wu Jie;Ma Yubo(Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;State key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electonics,University of Science and Techology of China,Heifei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学近代物理系,安徽合肥230026 [2]中国科学技术大学核探测技术与核电子学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《电子技术应用》2024年第9期106-111,共6页Application of Electronic Technique

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDC07020403);中国科学技术大学重大项目支持计划基金(KB2030040013)。

摘　　要：信号波达方向估计(DOA)是确定信源或目标的关键技术之一,广泛应用于雷达、通信和导航等领域。设计并实现了一个基于FPGA和多片AD9361的用于DOA估计的高精度同步多天线系统。该系统采用校准源反馈到各接收通道的硬件设计,结合FFT精确估计相位差,并利用迭代优化校准方式进行补偿,从而实现高精度同步。该系统具有高精度、高稳定、小型轻便的优势。经测试,该系统在100 MHz至1.25 GHz频带内能够快速收敛到±0.2°多通道相位误差,并能够在99.74%时间内保持稳定在该区间。相比于共用外部本振的同步方式,该设计简化本振系统设计,相位误差从±5°减小到±0.2°,且具有易实现、易拓展、实时性的优势。The Direction of Arrival(DOA)estimation,crucial for determining the source or target,finds wide applications in radar,communication,navigation,and various other fields.This paper presents the design and implementation of a high-precision synchronized multi-antenna system for DOA estimation based on FPGA and multiple AD9361 chips.The system employs hardware design with calibration sources feeding back to each receiving channel,utilizes FFT for precise phase difference estimation,and incorporates iterative optimization calibration to compensate,thus achieving high-precision synchronization.It offers advantages of high precision,stability,and portability.Testing results demonstrate that the system converges rapidly to an error of±0.2 degrees in multi-channel phase within the frequency band of 100 MHz to 1.25 GHz,maintaining stability for 99.74%of the time.Compared to synchronization methods using a shared external reference oscillator,this design simplifies the oscillator design,reduces phase errors from±5 degrees to±0.2 degrees,and has the advantages of easy implementation,scalability,and real-time performance.

关 键 词：DOA估计 相位误差 高精度同步 天线阵元 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]