海平面上升背景下海洋边界条约的稳定性分析——以情势变迁原则的适用为中心  

Analysis of the Stability of Maritime Boundary Treaties in the Context of Sea Level Rise:Concentrating on the Application of Rebus Sic Stantibus

作　　者：许蔡梦骁 Xu Caimengxiao

机构地区：[1]江苏大学法学院,镇江212013

出　　处：《亚太安全与海洋研究》2024年第5期56-70,I0003,共16页Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“百年未有之大变局下我国发展外部环境研究”(编号:20JZD060)。

摘　　要：气候变化引发的海平面上升,给现行国际法带来新的不确定性,其中包括海平面上升对海洋边界条约效力造成影响。在海平面上升背景下,一国援引《维也纳条约法公约》第62条所规定情势变迁原则的有效性,关乎海洋边界条约的稳定性。鉴于国家对涉及主权、主权权利条约的敏感性,为维护边界地区的和平秩序,海洋边界条约应当受到“边界条约例外”的保护。同时,海平面上升无法满足“在缔结条约时未曾预料到”“影响到条约义务的必要根据”“从根本上改变有待履行的义务范围”三项标准,一国难以行使基于海平面上升造成的海岸地理变化而单方面终止或退出条约的权利。海洋边界条约基本能抵御海平面上升带来的不确定性。Sea level rise due to climate change has created new uncertainties in existing international law,including the impact of sea level rise on the effectiveness of maritime boundary treaties.The validity of a sate s invocation of rebus sic stantibus under Article 62 of the VCLT in the context of sea level rise is relevant to the stability of maritime boundary treaties.In view of the sensitivity of states to treaties involving sovereignty and sovereign rights,maritime boundary treaties should be protected by the“boundary treaty exception”in order to maintain peace and order in the boundary areas.At the same time,sea level rise cannot fulfil three criteria:“being unforeseen at the time of the conclusion of the treaty”,“affecting the essential basis of the obligations under the treaty”and“radically transforming the extent of obligations still to be performed under the treaty”.It is difficult for a state to exercise its right to terminate or withdraw from a treaty unilaterally on the basis of changes in the geography of the coast caused by sea level rise.Maritime boundary treaties are largely resilient to the uncertainties associated with sea level rise.

关 键 词：海平面上升 海洋边界条约 情势变迁原则 边界稳定性 维也纳条约法公约 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学] P7[政治法律—法学]