敦煌叶螨和截形叶螨种群动态及对不同寄主植物的选择偏好性  

Population dynamics and host plant preferences of Tetranychus dunchuangensis Wang and T.truncatus Ehara

作　　者：张鹏杉 左丽 李培忠·乌日格木 刘冰[2] 陆宴辉[2] 张建萍[1] ZHANG Peng-Shan;ZUO Li;LIPEIZHONG Wu-Ri-Ge-Mu;LIU Bing;LU Yan-Hui;ZHANG Jian-Ping(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization,Shihezi 832003,China;State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases andInsect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用重点实验室,石河子832003 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2024年第3期559-568,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U2003112);国家重点研发项目(2022YFD1400300);自治区重大科技专项(2022A02005-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】敦煌叶螨Tetranychus dunchuangensis Wang和截形叶螨T.truncatus Ehara是危害各类作物和蔬菜的重要害螨。作物种植结构对害螨的发生种类及危害程度均有一定影响,明确叶螨的种群结构和寄主选择偏好可以为害螨农业防治方法提供理论依据。【方法】定点定时调查库尔勒地区田间棉花Gossypium hirsutum L.、玉米Zea mays L.、打瓜Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)Matsum.et Nakai、花生Arachis hypogaea L.和甜菜Beta vulgaris L.上两种叶螨的种群动态,室内选用叶碟法研究两种叶螨对不同寄主植物选择性。【结果】敦煌叶螨于6月中下旬在各寄主植物上开始发生,截形叶螨于7月中下旬才开始发生,两种叶螨在7月下旬至8月上旬达到高峰,8月下旬开始逐渐消退。两种叶螨在打瓜上最先发生,在花生上的种群数量均为最多。敦煌叶螨在玉米上种群数量最低,而截形叶螨在陆地棉上种群数量最低。敦煌叶螨在陆地棉和打瓜上的平均数量极显著高于截形叶螨(P<0.01),但在花生、甜菜和玉米上两种叶螨的种群数量差异不显著(P>0.05)。室内两两寄主选择试验中,敦煌叶螨对打瓜选择率最高,而截形叶螨对陆地棉选择率最高。【结论】敦煌叶螨为当地叶螨优势种。为降低叶螨危害,建议在棉花种植区内,减少与花生、打瓜和甜菜等作物间作或邻作。[Aim]To clarify the population structure and host preferences of the spider mites Tetranychus dunchuangensis Wang and T.truncatus Ehara,important pests that damage a variety of crops and vegetables.[Methods]The population dynamics of T.dunchuangensis and T.truncatus on Gossypium hirsutum L.,Zea mays L.,Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)Matsum.et Nakai,Arachis hypogaea L.and Beta vulgaris L.were investigated in Korla.The leaf disc test was used to study the preferences of these spider mites for different host plants in a laboratory.[Results]T.dunchuangensis began to occur on host plants in mid to late June,and T.truncatus in mid to late July.The number of both spider mites peaked from late July to early August,then gradually decreased in late August.The two spider mites first damaged C.lanatus,but the largest populations occurred on A.hypogaea.Numbers of both species were lowest in Z.mays and G.hirsutum,respectively.The average number of T.dunchuangensis was significantly higher than that of T.truncatus on G.hirsutum and C.lanatus(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference in the abundance of these species on A.hypogaea,B.vulgaris and Z.mays(P>0.05).C.lanatus was most preferred by T.dunchuangensis,whereas T.truncatus preferred G.hirsutum.[Conclusion]T.dunchuangensis is the dominant spider mite in the local area.It occurs early and has can attain a relatively large population size.T.truncatus occurs later and has a smaller population than T.dunchuangensis.It is important to avoid planting crops preferred by spider mites near main crops,or to use preferred host plants as trap strips for concentrated pesticide application.For example,where T.dunchuangensis is the dominant species,avoid planting B.vulgaris next to G.hirsutum crops and C.lanatus next to A.hypogaea.Where T.truncatus is the dominant species,avoid planting A.hypogaea or B.vulgaris next to C.lanatus.Where crops have already been planted near preferred host plants,it is important to intensify monitoring and implement control measures at the right time to mitiga

关 键 词：敦煌叶螨 截形叶螨 种群动态 寄主选择 

分 类 号：S433.7[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]