不同土壤条件下辣椒苗期根际土壤微生物群落分布特征研究  

Investigation of Microbial Community Characteristics in Pepper Rhizosphere at Seedling Stage Under Varied Soil Conditions

作　　者：张钰玉 陈智雄 陈方 闫晋强 伍俊宇 席卿媛 葛书妹 ZHANG Yuyu;CHEN Zhixiong;CHEN Fang;YAN Jinqiang;WU Junyu;XI Qingyuan;GE Shumei(College of Biology and Environment Engineering,Guiyang University,Guiyang 550005,China;Vegetable Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables,Guangzhou 510640,China;Baoji Academy of Agricultural Science,Baoji 722499,China)

机构地区：[1]贵阳学院生物与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550005 [2]广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室,广东广州510640 [3]宝鸡市农业科学研究院,陕西宝鸡722499

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2024年第7期129-141,共13页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字〔2019〕098);广东省农业科学院高水平农科院建设人才项目(R2021YJ-YB2004,R2023PY-JX007);贵阳学院博士科研启动基金项目(0221001002010133);贵州省国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310976018)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同抗性辣椒品种根际微生物群落分布特征,为定向优化辣椒根际微生物群落结构提供依据。【方法】以辣椒感病品种‘海澜99’(Hailan 99,HL99)和抗病品种‘三峡青’(Sanxiaqing,SSQ)为供试材料,利用高通量测序技术,分析比较感病土壤和非感病土壤对不同抗性辣椒根际土壤细菌及真菌的群落多样性、物种组成、相关性网络和功能的影响。【结果】通过高通量测序,从土壤细菌样品中共获得66617个操作分类单元(Operational taxonomic units,OTUs),其中优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),相对丰度约为40.1%和15.3%;从土壤真菌样品中共获得2948个OTUs,其中优势菌门均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota),平均相对丰度约为47.8%。在不同土壤条件下,辣椒品种间根际微生物群落结构、物种组成具有明显差异。在感病土壤条件下,辣椒根际土壤细菌群落的多样性降低、OTUs降低6.5%~7.8%,真菌群落的多样性增加、OTUs增加8.8%~9.8%;镰刀菌属真菌在感病品种(5.0%)中的相对丰度明显高于抗病品种(4.8%),而踝节菌属、被孢菌属真菌和假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属细菌在感病品种中的相对丰度明显低于抗病品种,整体呈现感病土壤条件下抗病品种根际有益真菌和细菌属丰度高于感病品种的趋势。基于物种丰度表,在属水平分别计算真菌-真菌、真菌-细菌和细菌-细菌物种的相关关系,结果表明,辣椒根际微生物形成复杂的生态网络,真菌-真菌和真菌-细菌间均呈现出较高的共现性(正相关百分比>50%),表明合作关系大于竞争关系;细菌-细菌间形成更为复杂的网络结构,其正相关百分比约为49.9%。【结论】在不同土壤条件下,不同辣椒抗病品种间根际微生物群落结构具有明显差异,根际微生物互作形成复杂的微生物生态网络结构。抗病品种根际有益菌丰度高于感病品种,可抑制致病菌,形成更�【Objective】The study was carried out to explore the distribution patterns of rhizospheric microbial communities in different resistant pepper varieties,aiming to provide a basis for the targeted optimization of rhizospheric microbial community structure of pepper.【Method】Taking the susceptible pepper variety‘Hailan 99’(HL99)and the resistant variety‘Sanxiaqing’(SSQ)as experimental materials,high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze and compare the effects of susceptible and non-susceptible soil environments on the community diversity,species composition,correlation networks and function of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of different disease-resistant pepper plants.【Result】Through high-throughput sequencing,a total of 66617 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)from soil bacterial samples were obtained,among which the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes,with the relative abundances of approximately 40.1%and 15.3%,respectively.From soil fungal samples,2948 OTUs were obtained,among which the dominant phylum was Ascomycota,with an average relative abundance of approximately 47.8%.The rhizospheric microbial community structure and species composition of pepper varieties showed significant differences under different soil conditions.Under susceptible soil conditions,the diversity of bacterial communities in pepper rhizosphere decreased,while the diversity of fungal communities increased.The bacterial OTUs decreased by 6.5%-7.8%,and fungal OTUs increased by 8.8%-9.8%.The relative abundance of Fusarium fungi was significantly higher in the susceptible group(5.0%)compared with that in the resistant group(4.8%),while the relative abundance of beneficial fungi like Mortierella and Trichoderma and beneficial bacteria like Pseudomonas and Bacillus was significantly lower in the susceptible group than that in the resistant group.Overall,under the susceptible soil conditions,the abundance of beneficial rhizosphere fungi and bacteria in the resistant group was highe

关 键 词：辣椒 土传病害 根际土壤 微生物多样性 群落结构 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S641.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]