沙冬青适应干旱环境的解剖结构变化  

Anatomical Structure Changes of the Ammopiptanthus mongolicus Adapting to Arid Environment

作　　者：邢钟毓 邢钰坤 李银祥[1,2] 杨跃文 胡志健[1] 曹恭祥 XING Zhongyu;XING Yukun;LI Yinxiang;YANG Yuewen;HU Zhijian;CAO Gongxiang(Forestry Research Institute,Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Science,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010;Inner Mongolia Ordos Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 016100)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古林业科学研究院林业研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]内蒙古鄂尔多斯森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,内蒙古鄂尔多斯016100

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第16期57-64,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院资助项目(202001031);内蒙古自治区人才开发基金资助项目(202002009)。

摘　　要：以沙冬青盆栽苗为试材,采用石蜡切片法,研究了不同土壤含水量对其根、茎、叶解剖结构的影响,以期为沙冬青的开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:沙冬青在土壤含水量为2%~4%时仍能正常生长,但不同含水量下沙冬青根、茎、叶结构存在差异。随土壤水分的降低,沙冬青根系生长越细长,木质化程度越深,周皮相对厚度增大,通过发育分化根部结构来提高植株抗旱性。沙冬青茎和叶表皮外附角质层,茎皮层内有皮层维管束提高输导能力,同时在土壤水分低时髓依旧较发达,表现出较强的贮水能力。沙冬青叶为等面叶,随土壤水分的降低叶片厚度、角质层厚度、孔下室深度、栅栏组织/海绵组织的比值、主脉维管组织、木质化程度均呈不同程度增加,通过降低水分散失、提高气体交换、提高叶面积利用率和光合作用来适应干旱环境。Taking Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings as test materials,the effects of different soil moisture contents on the anatomical structure of roots,stems,and leaves were studied using paraffin sectioning method,in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus.The results showed that Ammopiptanthus mongolicus could still grow normally when the soil moisture content was 2%-4%,but there were differences in the structure of roots,stems and leaves of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus under different water contents.With the decrease of soil moisture,the root growth of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus was more slender,the degree of lignification was deeper,and the relative thickness of the periderm increased.The drought resistance of the plant was improved by developing and differentiating the root structure.The stem and leaf epidermis of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus were attached to the cuticle,and there were cortical vascular bundles in the stem cortex to improve the transport capacity.At the same time,the pith was still developed when the soil moisture was low,showing strong water storage capacity.The leaf of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus was an isobilateral leaf.With the decrease of soil moisture,the leaf thickness,cuticle thickness,hole depth,palisade tissue/sponge tissue ratio,main vein vascular tissue and lignification degree all increased to varying degrees.It could adapt to the arid environment by reducing water loss,improving gas exchange,improving leaf area utilization and photosynthesis.

关 键 词：沙冬青 石蜡切片 解剖结构 水分胁迫 旱生结构 

分 类 号：Q944.5[生物学—植物学] S793.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]