金属板材双轴压缩变形行为研究进展  

Review on deformation behavior of sheet metal during biaxial compression

作　　者：石宝东[1,2] 石瑞 赵辉 刘志佳 邵为义 潘荣剑 Shi Baodong;Shi Rui;Zhao Hui;Liu Zhijia;Shao Weiyi;Pan Rongjan(State Key Laboratory of Crane Technology,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;The First Sub-Institute,Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610005,China)

机构地区：[1]燕山大学起重机械关键技术全国重点实验室,河北秦皇岛066004 [2]燕山大学国家冷轧板带装备及工艺工程技术研究中心,河北秦皇岛066004 [3]中国核动力研究设计院第一研究所,四川成都610005

出　　处：《锻压技术》2024年第7期19-29,共11页Forging & Stamping Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51771166);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2019203452);材料成形与模具技术全国重点实验室开放课题(P2023-004)。

摘　　要：金属塑性成形过程中通常受到多向加载,而单轴实验只能反映一个方向的力学响应,无法表征多向加载时金属的变形行为。为了准确描述金属成形过程,对板材的力学性能研究必须从单轴扩展至双轴甚至多轴。在拉伸、锻造和挤压等实际成形过程中,金属通常在复杂的双轴压应力下发生变形,然而,目前双轴压缩应力状态对金属塑性变形机制的影响尚不清晰。因此,综述了镁合金以及铝合金等在双轴压缩载荷下的力学响应及对应的微观组织演化过程。首先,介绍了压缩过程中使用的夹具和加载路径。之后,重点分析了双轴变形时HCP金属孪晶类型以及孪晶变体的选择,结果表明,压缩和二次压缩时,宏观应力和应变的积累促进了孪晶的形成,并且二次孪晶与材料的实际屈服应力值有关。最后,归纳了双轴压缩下常用的本构模型,并展望了未来发展趋势。The metal plastic forming process is typically subjected to multi-directional loading,whereas the uniaxial experiment can only reflect the mechanical response in one direction,and it is unable to characterize the deformation behavior of metal under multi-directional loading.In order to accurately describe the metal forming process,it is necessary to extend the research on the mechanical properties of sheet from uniaxial to biaxial or even multi-axial.In the actual forming process,such as stretching,forging and extrusion,the metal usually deforms under complex biaxial compressive stress.However,the influence of biaxial compressive stress state on the plastic deformation mechanism of metal is still unclear.Therefore,the mechanical response and corresponding microstructure evolution process of magnesium and aluminium alloys under biaxial compression loads were reviewed.First of all,the fixture and loading path used in the compression process were introduced.Subsequently,the selection of HCP metal twin types and variants during biaxial deformation was analyzed.The results demonstrate that the accumulation of macroscopic stress and strain facilitates the formation of twins during compression and secondary compression,and the secondary twin is correlated with the actual yield stress value of material.Finally,the commonly used constitutive models under biaxial compression were summarized,and the prospective development trends were discussed.

关 键 词：双轴压缩 金属板材 夹具 加载路径 微观组织 本构模型 

分 类 号：TG113[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]