不同授粉方式对香蕉花粉萌发与花粉管生长的影响及显微观察  

Different Pollination Methods on Pollen Germination and Pollen TubeGrowth in Musa nana and Fluorescence Microscope

作　　者：李羽佳 王筱语 王安邦 连子豪 许奕 唐文[2] 李敬阳 LI Yujia;WANG Xiaoyu;WANG Anbang;LIAN Zihao;XU Yi;TANG Wen;LI Jingyang(Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,CATS,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs,Haikou 570100,China;Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,CATS,Haikou 570100,China;National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding,Sanya Hainan 572024,China;Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province,Haikou 570100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部华南作物基因资源与种植创制重点实验室,海口570100 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海口570100 [3]热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南三亚572024 [4]海南省热带作物资源遗传改良与创新重点实验室/国家热带果树品种改良中心,海口570100

出　　处：《种子》2024年第8期134-138,共5页Seed

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金青年项目(321QN287、321QN288);国家香蕉产业技术体系(CARS-31-02)。

摘　　要：以可育、高结实率香蕉野生种质资源小果野蕉(AA)及粉蕉栽培品种热粉1号(ABB)为材料,观察香蕉花、子房、胚珠结构,研究不同授粉方式对花粉萌发、花粉管生长的影响。结果表明,小果野蕉自花授粉后花粉萌发率高,萌发数量随授粉时间递增,授粉3 d时达到峰值,后不再变化。花粉管生长迅速,授粉后8 h可到达花柱中部,24 h可到达子房,受精过程可持续1~3 d。不同授粉方式下,自花授粉花粉萌发数量显著高于异花授粉,达到萌发峰值比异花授粉早2 d。且异花授粉花粉管会产生畸形,如花粉管短粗、末端粗壮膨大、形状扭曲等。综上,野生香蕉种质资源自交亲和,花粉萌发、花粉管伸长、受精过程发育良好,是理想的杂交材料。异花授粉时花粉与柱头的亲和性降低、花粉管萌发异常、栽培种胚珠发育不完全等因素致使杂交育种效率低。The flower,ovary and ovule structure of banana were observed with wild Musa nana germplasm resource Musa acuminata Colla of fertile and high-seed setting(AA)and Musa×paradisiaca L.cultivar'Musa Pisang Awak subgroup'(ABB),and the effects of different pollination methods on pollen germination and pollen tube growth were studied.The results showed that the pollen germination rate of Musa acuminata Colla was high after selfpollination,and the germination quantity increased with pollination time,reached the peak at 3 days after pollination,and did not change after pollination.The pollen tube grew rapidly,reaching the middle of the style 8 hours after pollination,reaching the ovary 24 hours after pollination,and the fertilization process lasted from 1 to 3 days.Under different pollination methods,the germination quantity of self-pollinated pollen was significantly higher than that of cross-pollination,and the germination peak was 2 days earlier than that of cross-pollination.Moreover,cross-pollinated pollen tubes could produce deformities,such as short and thick pollen tubes,thick and swollen ends,and distorted shapes.In summary,wild Musa nana germplasm resources were self-compatible,pollen germination,pollen tube elongation and fertilization process were well developed,which was an ideal hybrid material.The efficiency of cross breeding was low due to the decreased compatibility between pollen and stigma,abnormal pollen tube germination and incomplete ovule development of cultivated species.

关 键 词：香蕉 杂交育种 花粉管 显微观察 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学]