守望与传承:侗戏“非遗化”语境中的主体叙事与族群认同  

Traditional Guardianship and the Inheritance of the Dong Opera-Subject Narrative and Ethnic Identity in the Context of"Intangible Cultural Heritage-ization"

作　　者：王凌丹 张应强[2,3] WANG Lingdan;ZHANG Yingqiang

机构地区：[1]中山大学出版社,广州510275 [2]中山大学历史人类学研究中心 [3]中山大学社会学与人类学学院,广州510275

出　　处：《原生态民族文化学刊》2024年第5期118-130,155,156,共15页Journal of Ethnic Culture

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“明清以来南岭民族走廊的国家治理与社会整合研究”(22JJD850016);国家社会科学基金一般项目“苗疆走廊文化视域下的汉传音乐研究”(21BD066)。

摘　　要：“非遗”语境下,现代化舞台上的民间传统文化表演,更注重音乐的娱乐性、程式表演性和审美性,以多元文化共现的展演景观模式呈现。“非遗化”的侗戏表演离开“原生”语境后,民间表演的文化主体性发生改变;当民众不再向侗戏班寻求公共产品供给,侗戏的需求量降低,其功能也因此转变。结合音乐人类学理论,通过对文化持有者的主体性叙事,从历时性的族群认同、局内人口述史的叙事记忆、“非遗”的传承及反思等多维度,对“即时性”的音乐文本进行深描,反思侗戏在“非遗”语境中族群性与认同感。In the context of"Intangible Cultural Heritage"(ICH),traditional folk cultural performances on modern stages tend to focus more on the entertainment aspects of music,ritualistic performances,and aesthetic awareness,while the cultural space also presents a multifaceted display of ethnic culture and"other"cultures coexisting and showcasing together.The performance of Dong Opera,once removed from its"original"context in the"Intangible Cultural Heritage-ization",undergoes a change in the subjectivity of the folk performance culture.When the ethnic group no longer relies on Dong Opera troupes to form the supply of public products,the demand for Dong Opera consequently diminishes,and its function also shifts.Such ICH performances have numerous issues,including whether they can be recognized by the local community,whether they can be understood by"others,"and whether the economic income and ethnic status of the inheritors and non-inheriting opera masters are consistent.Placing the research subjects within the context of history,region,ethnicity,and ICH,and combining the theoretical perspectives of music anthropology,a multi-entity comparative study is conducted using a multi-point,dynamic strategy.By narrating the subjectivity of the cultural bearers and deeply describing the"immediacy"of the musical text,this article reflects on the ethnic identity and sense of belonging of the Dong Opera within the ICH context.The research finds that the inheritors of the Dong Opera are not only the carriers of the ethnic cultural memory,demonstrating a willingness to narrate subjectively and express ethnic identity,but also the main body for interpreting multiculturalism and the starting point for achieving multicultural recognition.

关 键 词：侗戏 非遗化 主体叙事 族群认同 黔东南 

分 类 号：C953[社会学—民族学]