金属矿山开采无切割井拉槽技术与应用  

Trenching technology and application of non-cutting well in metal mine mining

作　　者：向伟华 卢宏建 赵笛 牟超 XIANG Wei-hua;LU Hong-jian;ZHAO Di;MOU Chao(Shirengou Iron Mine,HBIS Mining Co.,Ltd.,Tangshan 064200,Hebei,China;School of Mining Engineering,North China University of Technology,Tangshan 063210,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河钢集团矿业有限公司石人沟铁矿,河北唐山064200 [2]华北理工大学矿业工程学院,河北唐山063210

出　　处：《工程爆破》2024年第4期79-85,共7页Engineering Blasting

摘　　要：如何高效安全地形成切割拉槽是金属矿山开采过程中的关键环节。以典型铁矿山为工程背景,针对有切割井切割平巷拉槽法不能保证切割井施工爆破一次成井的问题,提出了以切割平巷为首爆自由面,利用多排扇形深孔逐次爆破,形成与上水平充分贯通切割立槽的无切割井拉槽法技术,并对该技术的施工方案、爆破方案和安全经济性进行分析。结果表明:扇形深孔炮孔梯形起爆顺序能减少爆破形成的碎块的抛掷作用,加强爆落岩石之间的碰撞挤压,提高了爆破破碎质量,为后续大量落矿创造条件;无切割井拉槽法较原有切割井切割平巷拉槽法,平均每爆落1 t矿石,节省炸药0.05 kg;无切割井拉槽法将切割巷道作为初始补偿空间,避免由于不同的岩石条件、穿孔误差及爆破操作等因素造成切割井无法一次成井的问题,提升了切割立槽的形成速度;可实现人员在巷道内装药,避免在采空区下作业带来的安全风险。无切割井拉槽法施工简单,成槽效果较好,实现了本质安全,为矿山降本增效提供了技术保证。How to efficiently and safely form the cutting groove is a key link in the mining process of metal mines.Taking a typical iron mine as the engineering background,aiming at the problem that the slotting method of cutting drift with cutting well can't ensure that the cutting well can be completed by one-time blasting,this paper puts forward the slotting method without cutting well,which takes cutting drift as the main blasting surface and uses multiple rows of fan-shaped deep holes to successively blast to form a cutting vertical groove that is fully connected with the upper level,and analyzes the construction scheme,blasting scheme and safety and economy of this technology.The results show that the trapezoidal initiation sequence of fan-shaped deep-hole blasting holes can reduce the throwing effect of fragments formed by blasting,strengthen the collision and extrusion between blasting rocks,improve the blasting crushing quality,and create conditions for a large number of subsequent ore falling.Compared with the original slotting method of cutting drift with cutting well,the slotting method without cutting well saves 0.05 kg;of explosives per ton of ore.The slotting method without cutting well takes the cutting roadway as the initial compensation space,which avoids the problem that the cutting well cannot be completed at one time due to different rock conditions,perforation errors and blasting operation,and improves the formation speed of the cutting vertical groove.At the same time,people can charge in the roadway and avoid the safety risk caused by working under the goaf.The slotting method without cutting well has simple construction and good slotting effect,which realizes intrinsic safety and provides technical guarantee for reducing cost and increasing efficiency in mines.

关 键 词：金属矿山 无切割井拉槽 矿房切割 扇形深孔爆破 

分 类 号：TD853[矿业工程—金属矿开采]