高能核-核碰撞对原子核结构的研究  

Probing nuclear structure in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

作　　者：王园园 赵沭钧 刘琦 曹博星 宋慧超 WANG YuanYuan;ZHAO ShuJun;LIU Qi;CAO BoXing;SONG HuiChao(School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Center for High Energy Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学高能中心,北京100871

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2024年第9期19-29,共11页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:12247107,12075007)资助项目。

摘　　要：RHIC和LHC的高能核-核碰撞致力于研究夸克胶子等离子体和探索QCD相图.它也为探测原子核结构提供了新的途径和方法.通过比较主要基于流体力学耦合模型的理论计算与实验所测观测量如带电强子的各向异性流、平均横向动量以及两者之间的关联,人们得以定量地探测原子核基态的细致结构.在本文中,我们回顾了这个新兴交叉领域实验和理论方面的进展,具体包括利用^(96)Ru+^(96)Ru,^(96)Zr+^(96)Zr同质异位素碰撞及^(197)Au+^(197)Au和^(238)U+^(238)U等碰撞探测原子核形变,利用RHIC同质异位素碰撞及^(208)Pb+^(208)Pb等碰撞探测中重核的中子皮效应,利用^(16)O+^(16)O等碰撞探测轻核的α集团结构.Relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC are aimed at studying the quark-gluon plasma and exploring QCD phase diagrams.Recently,it has been realized that these collisions also provide new opportunities to probe the structures of the colliding nuclei.By comparing theoretical calculations and experimental measurements,one can quantitatively constrain the structures of the ground state nuclei.In this paper,we review the progress in this new research area from both experimental and theoretical perspectives,including the study of the nuclear deformations,neutron skins,and α clusters for the colliding nuclei in^(96)Ru+^(96)Ru,^(96)Zr+^(96)Zr,^(197)Au+^(197)Au,^(238)U+^(238)U,^(129)Xe+^(129)Xe,^(208)Pb+^(208)Pb,and^(16)O+^(16)O collisions at RHIC and the LHC.

关 键 词：高能核物理 核结构 核形变 中子皮 α集团 

分 类 号：O571[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]