浅谈大汶口文化瓮棺葬相关问题——以滕州岗上遗址倒扣瓮棺葬为例  

Discussion on the Related Issues about the Urn Coffin Burial of Dawenkou Culture--Taking the Inverted Urn Coffin Burial of Gangshang Site in Tengzhou as an Example

作　　者：朱超 张强 吕文兵 Zhu Chao;Zhang Qiang;Lv Wenbing

机构地区：[1]山东省文物考古研究院 [2]滕州市博物馆

出　　处：《南方文物》2024年第3期127-136,共10页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：考古中国重大项目《海岱地区文明化进程研究》;国家社会科学基金项目滕州岗上遗址考古发掘资料整理与研究(批准号:22BKG003)阶段性成果;泰山学者建设工程支持。

摘　　要：海岱地区是中原瓮棺葬俗的主要传播与影响地之一,瓮棺葬俗的引入是裴李岗、仰韶时代中原与东方持续不断交流、互动的结果。大汶口文化阶段是海岱地区瓮棺葬俗最主要的流行时期,其最早发现于北辛文化晚期,后经大汶口文化早、中期继承发展及本土化的改造,瓮棺葬形式上出现了明显的简化现象,至大汶口文化晚期,传统的瓮棺葬形式不再获得其传统受众(社会底层人群)的认同,逐步发展成以陶器碎片铺盖尸骸为主的新式埋葬形式,究其原因,这与大汶口文化中晚期社会分化后等级产生密不可分,棺椁成为权贵阶层用以显示其高贵权力与财富的一种重要表现形式。在这种自上而下社会风气的影响与带动下,陶片铺盖尸骸的埋葬形式成为了社会底层人群为满足其棺椁愿望而进行的一次力所能及的尝试。The Haidai area reflects the influence of jar burial customs from the Central Plains,resulting from continuous communication and interaction between the Central Plains and the Eastern regions during the Peiligang and Yangshao periods.The Dawenkou culture period witnessed the peak of jar burial practices in the Haidai area,originating in the late Beixin culture period.However during the early and middle stages of the Dawenkou culture period,this custom underwent significant simplification due to local transformations.By the late Dawenkou Culture period,the traditional jar burial customs were no longer recognized by the common populace and gradually evolved into a new burial form,where corpses were covered with pottery fragments.Subsequently,during the middle and late periods ofthe Dawenkou culture,following thedifferentiation of social hierarchy,coffins emerged as a significant symbol for the aristocracy to display their status and wealth.In response to this social shift,the practice of covering corpses with pottery fragments emerged as an endeavor by individuals from lower social strata to emulate the coffin burial tradition.

关 键 词：大汶口文化 瓮棺葬 岗上遗址 倒扣 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]