古病理学视角下家养动物畜力利用研究回顾  

Review of Research on the Utilization of Livestock Power by Domestic Animals from the Perspective of Paleopathology

作　　者：雷仪菲 王华[1,2] 郭明晓 Lei Yifei;Wang Hua;Guo Mingxiao

机构地区：[1]山东大学环境与社会考古国际合作联合实验室 [2]山东大学文化遗产研究院 [3]青岛市文物保护考古研究所

出　　处：《南方文物》2024年第3期186-200,共15页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0903500)的支持。

摘　　要：对家养动物进行畜力利用极大推动了人类社会的发展进程,如何识别考古遗址中的役畜一直是学界关注的问题。近60年来,国外学者利用古病理学方法识别役畜并对畜力利用问题展开研究,取得了丰富成果,而国内的相关研究也正处于快速发展的阶段。本文总结了考古遗址中常见的役用病变,包括骨骼和牙齿上的役具使用痕迹、四肢骨的骨关节炎、骑乘相关的脊椎异常、肌腱韧带附着点变化四类。同时,文章重点介绍了两种病理量化方法的发展过程和研究案例。在此基础上,总结了目前古病理学视角下家养动物畜力利用研究的主要成果和局限,对未来古病理学在国内畜力利用研究中的应用思路和方向提出了建议。The use of working animals promoted radical shifts in human mobility,warfare,trade and interaction.Pathological changes in the skeletons provides one of the strongest direct lines of evidence for identifying working animals in the archaeological records.Over the past 60 years,extensive research has been conducted on this issue.In this paper,we summarize alterations on skeletal tissue caused by activities such as riding,traction and cargo.Such alterations include the lesions on the teeth and skulls caused by the use of bit,yoke or bridle,osteoarthritis of limb bones,riding-related spinal pathologies,and entheseal changes.In particular,we review the development history and cases of two pathology quantitative approaches.Finally,we propose the research results and limitations and how they can inspire our pathology research on animal power utilization in China,as well as the difficulties claiming much more attention in the future.

关 键 词：古病理学 畜力利用 骑乘 役牛 病理量化方法 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]