2016—2021年上海市静安区中小学生视力不良及其影响因素分析  

Analysis of impaired visual acuity and its influencing factors among primary and middle school students in Jing'an District of Shanghai from 2016 to 2021

作　　者：王丽蒙 王向东[1] 徐文燕 张小娟 赵军 WANG Li-meng;WANG Xiang-dong;XU Wen-yan;ZHANG Xiaojuan;ZHAO Jun(Jingan District Center for Disease Cintrol and Prevention,Shanghai 200072,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市静安区疾病预防控制中心,上海200072

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2024年第8期691-696,702,共7页Chinese Journal of Health Education

摘　　要：目的通过了解上海市静安区中小学生视力不良情况及其影响因素,为预防近视宣教措施和相关政策的制定提供依据。方法2016—2021年采用整群抽样的方法抽取区内2所小学、2所完全中学,累计对18091名学生进行问卷调查与屈光发育情况监测,问卷调查包括近7 d课外活动时间与不良用眼行为习惯情况,屈光发育情况包括裸眼视力、戴镜视力和非散瞳电脑验光。数据采取横断面分析,并用趋势性χ^(2)检验、Logistic回归进行影响因素分析。结果2016—2020年上海市静安区小学生视力不良情况有上升趋势(小学低年级组趋势χ^(2)=41.611,P<0.001;小学高年级组趋势χ^(2)=25.494,P<0.001)。用眼行为习惯调查显示,各年级组每日运动类课外时间≤0.5 h的学生均超过74.56%,但呈现逐年下降趋势(小学低年级趋势χ^(2)=38.558,P<0.001;小学高年级组趋势χ^(2)=7.581,P=0.006;初中组趋势χ^(2)=38.748,P<0.001;高中组趋势χ^(2)=51.145,P<0.001)。37.93%~87.20%的学生存在各类用眼不良行为习惯。中小学生每日运动类课外课程时间<0.5 h(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.10~1.32)、每日学习类课外课程时间<0.5h(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.00~1.15)、持续用眼30~40min后不休息(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.79~1.93)、过度低头(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.21~1.46)、看电视距离不足2m(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.10~1.28)更容易视力不良。结论学校、家庭应重视青少年的课外课程安排,并指导学生养成正确用眼行为习惯,从而预防视力不良的发生。Objective Through understanding the Poor eyesight of Primary and secondary school students in Jing'an District of Shanghai and the factors influencing their extracurricular courses and eye-using behaviors,this study Provides a basis for designing more targeted propaganda and education measures to Prevent myopia and Providing relevant policy suggestions for health education.Methods From 2016 to 2021,a total of 18091 students from two primary schools and two secondary schools in the district were selected by cluster sampling method.The questionnaire survey included the time of extracurricular activities and poor eye behavior and habits in the past 7 days,and the refractive development included naked eye vision,vision with glasses and small pupil computer optometry.Cross-sectional analysis of the data was performed,and trend Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for multi-factor analysis.Results From 2016 to 2020,there was an increasing trend of poor visual acuity among primary school students(Lower primary gradeχ^(2)=41.611,P=0.000,Senior grade of primary schoolχ^(2)=25.494,P<0.001).According to the survey of eye behavior habits,more than 74.56%of the students who spent less than 0.5 h after class on daily exercise were in all grade groups,but showed a decreasing trend year by year(Lower primary gradeχ^(2)=38.558,P<0.001,Senior grade of primary schoolχ^(2)=7.581,P=0.006,Junior middle school groupχ^(2)=38.748,P<0.001,High school groupχ^(2)=51.145,P<0.001);37.93%~87.20%of the students have various kinds of bad eye behavior habits.Time of daily sports extracurricular courses<0.5h(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.10-1.32),time of daily learning extracurricular courses<0.5h(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.00-1.15),students who continuously use their eyes for 30-40 minutes without rest(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.79-1.93),excessively lower their head(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.21-1.46),and students who watch TV from less than 2 m(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.10-1.28)are more likely to have poor vision.Conclusion Schools and families should pay attention to extracurricula

关 键 词：课外活动 视力不良 用眼行为习惯 学生 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]