海口市高年级小学生抑郁症状流行现状及影响因素分析  

Study on depression status and its influencing factors among high-grade primary school students

作　　者：刘颖[1] 施慧玲 周洁 赵婧娴 LIU Ying;SHI Hui-ling;ZHOU Jie;ZHAO Jing-xian(Haikou Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Haikou 570100,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省海口市妇幼保健院儿保科,海南海口570100

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2024年第8期703-708,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：2022年海南省卫生健康行业科研项目(编号:22A200131);2023年第一批海南省“南海新星”医疗卫生人才平台项目。

摘　　要：目的了解海口市高年级小学生的抑郁症状流行现状并分析其影响因素,为科学干预儿童心理问题提供依据。方法于2022年6—12月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取海口市8所学校中5~6年级的所有学生进行抑郁症状流行现状调查。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响高年级小学生出现抑郁症状的重要因素。结果海口市高年级小学生抑郁症状检出率为16.42%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,生源地为乡镇(OR=1.248,95%CI:1.021~1.525)、单亲家庭(OR=1.754,95%CI:1.193~2.578)、父亲文化程度为高中及以下(OR=1.709,95%CI:1.361~2.145)、母亲性格暴躁(OR=1.553,95%CI:1.043~2.313)、教养方式为溺爱型(OR=2.160,95%CI:1.347~3.463)、亲子关系亲密(OR=0.564,95%CI:0.462~0.690)、为早产儿(OR=1.469,95%CI:1.016~2.124)、母亲孕期情绪较差(OR=2.961,95%CI:1.408~6.227)、每日运动时间1~2 h(OR=0.731,95%CI:0.609~0.878)、每日使用电子产品时间<1 h(OR=0.823,95%CI:0.685~0.989)、学习压力较大(OR=1.705,95%CI:1.336~2.178)、人际关系较差(OR=3.230,95%CI:1.884~5.539)、体弱多病(OR=1.475,95%CI:1.190~1.828)、存在焦虑症状(OR=14.192,95%CI:11.447~17.594)是影响海口市高年级小学生检出抑郁症状的主要因素。结论海口市高年级小学生抑郁症状检出率较往年有所下降,未来可通过预防围生期高危因素、提供科学教育环境和教养方式、促使小学生养成良好学习和生活习惯等方式,促进学生身心健康。Objective To investigate the prevalence of depression symptoms and its influencing factors among high-grade senior students in Haikou,and to provide a basis for scientific intervention in children's psychological problems.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select all students in Grade 5^(th)to 6^(th)from 8schools in Haikou from June to December in 2022.The prevalence of depressive symptoms was investigated,and multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the important factors affecting the occurrence of depressive symptoms in senior pupils.Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms among high-grade primary school students in Haikou city was16.42%.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that students from township(OR=1.248,95%CI:1.021-1.525)or single-parent family(OR-1.754,95%CI:1.193-2.578),whose father had high school education or below(OR=1.709,95%CI:1.361-2.145),whose mother was irritable(OR=1.553,95%CI:1.043-2.313),who had doting parenting style(OR=2.160,95%CI:1.347-3.463)or closed parent-child relationship(OR=0.564,95%CI:0.462-0.690),who was premature(OR=1.469,95%CI:1.016-2.124),whose mother had poor mood during pregnancy(OR=2.961,95%CI:1.408-6.227),who had daily exercise time for 1-2 h(OR=0.731,95%CI:0.609-0.878)or daily use of electronic products<1 h(OR=0.823,95%CI:0.685-0.989),whose learning pressure was high(OR-1.705,95%CI:1.336-2.178),who had poor interpersonal relationship(OR=3.230,95%CI:1.884-5.539),who was weakness(OR=1.475,95%CI:1.190-1.828),or who had anxiety symptoms(OR=14.192,95%CI:11.447-17.594)were the main factors associated with depressive symptoms among high-grade primary school students in Haikou.Conclusion The depression symptom rate of high-grade primary school students in Haikou city has decreased compared with previous years,the physical and mental health of students could be promoted by preventing perinatal risk factors,providing scientific education environment and parenting methods,and promoting primary sc

关 键 词：抑郁症状 小学生 影响因素 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]