老年人膳食盐摄入量、膳食多样性与抑郁症状的关联  

Relationship between salt intake,dietary diversity and depression in elderly

作　　者：胡阳[1] 欧阳文彬 李莹[2] 贺咏梅 陈仕学 杨娉婷[2] 贺雪[2] 吴浩[2] 黄昕 HU Yang;OUYANG Wen-bin;LI Ying;HE Yong-mei;CHEN Shi-xue;YANG Ping-ting;HE Xue;WU Hao;HUANG Xin(Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学,湖南长沙410081 [2]中南大学湘雅三医院健康管理中心,湖南南长沙410013 [3]航天中心医院健康管理科,北京100049 [4]海口市健康教育所,海南海口570312

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2024年第8期709-712,718,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82003537);湖南师范大学医学院开放项目(KF2022004)。

摘　　要：目的评估老年人膳食盐摄入量、膳食多样性与抑郁症状的关联,为预防和干预老年人抑郁症状提供依据。方法招募2017年1月—2022年9月期间就诊于中南大学湘雅三医院和航天中心医院健康管理中心的8266名老年人为研究对象,开展抑郁症状筛查、膳食盐摄入量和膳食多样性调查。分别采用Logistics回归和限制性立方样条模型分析膳食盐摄入量和膳食多样性与抑郁症状的关联。结果回收有效问卷7850份(94.97%),老年人抑郁症状检出率为32.98%,平均膳食盐摄入量水平为(8.26±2.12)g/d,5522名(70.34%)老年人膳食多样性水平充足。以膳食多样性水平充足为参照,膳食多样化水平不足的老年人抑郁症状检出率较高,ORadj值为1.633(95%CI:1.207~2.210)。膳食盐摄入量和老年人抑郁症状之间存在反“J”型的非线性的剂量反应关系(P非线性<0.05)。当每日膳食盐摄入<6 g时,膳食盐摄入量越低,抑郁症状风险越高,OR值为1.222(95%CI:1.023~1.461),当盐摄入量>6 g/d时,膳食盐摄入量越高,抑郁症状风险越低;当膳食盐摄入量达9.72 g/d时,抑郁症状风险最低。结论超过1/3老年人具有抑郁症状,保证膳食多样性充足及在《中国居民膳食指南》推荐的盐摄入标准限度内提升盐摄入量有助于减轻抑郁的风险。Objective To evaluate the association between dietary salt intake,dietary diversity and depressive symptoms in the elderly,and to provide evidence for prevention and intervention.Methods Between January 2017 and September 2022,8266 elderly people who attended the health management centers of the Third Xiangya Hospital and the Aerospace Center Hospital of Central South University were recruited and screened for depressive symptoms and surveyed for dietary salt intake and dietary diversity.Logistics regressions and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess the association between dietary salt intake,dietary diversity and depressive symptoms,respectively.Results A total of 7850(94.97%)subjects had completed valid data and were used for the analysis.Of them,32.98%had positive depressive symptoms,the average dietary salt intake was(8.26±2.12)g/d,and 70.34%had adequate dietary diversity.The positive rate of depressive symptoms was higher in the elderly with insufficient dietary diversity,with an OR_(adj)of 1.633(95%CI:1.207-2.210),compared with adequate dietary diversity.There was an inverse"J"type nonlinear dose-response relationship between dietary salt intake and depressive symptoms in the elderly(P nonlinear<0.05).Low-dose salt intake increased the risk of depression with an OR of 1.222(95%CI:1.023-1.461)when salt intake was<6g/day,and the risk of depressive symptoms decreased gradually when salt intake was>6g/day,with a minimum risk at salt intake of 9.72g/day.Conclusion More than one-third of the elderly have depressive symptoms.Keeping adequate dietary diversity and consuming more salt within the recommended limit of salt intake in the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents can help reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among the elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 抑郁症状 膳食盐摄入量 膳食多样性 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]