食品安全共治中消费者权利维护行为及影响因素分析  

Analysis of protection of the interests of consumer and its influencing factors in food safety common governance

作　　者：程景民 梁苗苗 王晓成 王军 CHENG Jing-min;LIANG Miao-miao;WANG Xiao-cheng;WANG Jun(School of Management,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学管理学院,山西太原030001

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2024年第8期713-718,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：山西省哲学社会科学规划课题(2022YD056)。

摘　　要：目的分析食品安全共治中消费者权利维护行为情况及其影响因素,为提升消费者参与积极性提供对策建议。方法2020年12月—2021年3月通过多阶段分层随机抽样法,对全国调查对象2621人展开自填式问卷调查,包含调查对象的基本情况,以及食品安全共治中消费者的权利维护行为情况。使用SPSS 25.0统计分析软件对数据进行单因素分析和多元线性回归分析,分析消费者权利维护行为的影响因素。结果在2621份有效问卷中,对于食品安全共治中消费者的权利维护行为,最高分40分,最低分8分,平均(16.26±6.69)分,消费者权利维护行为的积极性不高。单因素分析显示,性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、常住地、居住情况、职业类型、家庭人均月收入对权利维护行为具有统计学差异(t/F=3.85、7.94、4.78、20.04、2.79、2.06、4.38、3.48,P均<0.05)。多元线性回归分析以食品安全共治中消费者权利维护行为的总得分为因变量,以单因素分析有统计学意义的因素为自变量,结果显示,男性参与权利维护行为的积极性高于女性(β=-0.08),消费者参与权利维护行为的积极性随着年龄的增大而减少(31~40岁,β=-0.07;41~50岁,β=-0.09;51~60岁,β=-0.05;>60岁,β=-0.10),文化程度越高参与积极性越高(高中/中专,β=0.09;大学/大专,β=0.17;硕士及以上,β=0.19)、常住地,城镇居民参与积极性高于农村居民(β=-0.05),P均<0.05。结论食品安全共治中消费者权利维护行为的积极性并不高,通过加大消费者参与文化教育,将有利于进一步增强消费者参与积极性。Objective To analyze the situation and its influencing factors of protection of the interests of consumer in common governance of food safety,and to provide some countermeasures and suggestions for promoting their participation.Methods From December 2020 to March 2021,a self-filled questionnaire survey was conducted among 2621 respondents by using multistage stratified random sampling method.The questionnaire consisted of two parts:the basic information of the survey objects and protection behaviors of the interests of consumer in common governance of food safety.Single factor analysis and multi-factor analysis was used for data analysis by statistical software SPSS 25.0.Results Among 2621 valid questionnaires,the highest score of protection behaviors of the interests of consumer in common governance of food safety was40 points while the lowest score was 8 points,and the average score was(16.26±6.688)points.The enthusiasm of consumers in protection of their interests was not high.Univariate analysis showed that gender,age,marital status,education level,permanent residence,residential situation,occupation type,and per capita monthly family income had statistical differences on protection behaviors(t/F=3.85,7.94,4.78,20.04,2.79,2.06,4.38,3.48,all P<0.05).According to the multiple linear regression analysis results,gender(β=-0.08),age(31-40 years old,β=-0.07;41-50 years old,β=-0.09;51-60 years old,β=-0.05;>60 years old,β=-0.10),education degree(senior high school(technical secondary school),β=0.09;university(junior college),β=0.17;master degree or above,β=0.19)and permanent residence were the main factors affecting consumer protection behaviors(P<0.05).Conclusion In common governance of food safety,the enthusiasm of consumers to protect their interest is not high.The enthusiasm of consumers could be further improved by increasing their participation education.

关 键 词：食品安全共治 权利维护行为 消费者 多元线性回归 影响因素 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]