河套灌区玉米适宜种植密度及其高产栽培品种研究  

Study on the suitable planting density and high-yield cultivated varieties of maize in Hetao irrigation district

作　　者：刘偲琪 何忠萍 包珺玮 樊秀荣[1] 高海燕[1] 张艳[1] 张红萍[1] 代丞 孙秀云[1] 赵晓宇 LIU Siqi;HE Zhongping;BAO Junwei;FAN Xiurong;GAO Haiyan;ZHANG Yan;ZHANG Hongping;DAI Cheng;SUN Xiuyun;ZHAO Xiaoyu(Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Linhe District of Bayannur City,Linhe 015000,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]巴彦淖尔市临河区农业技术推广中心,内蒙古临河015000 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2024年第3期29-37,共9页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技创新重大项目(2023ZD0403502);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2021ZY0028,2022ZY0105);内蒙古自治区科技创新重大示范工程“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023JBGS0006)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选适宜内蒙古河套灌区的玉米种植密度及品种,为玉米单产提升提供参考。【方法】试验于2022—2023年在内蒙古巴彦淖尔市开展,采用双因素随机区组裂区设计,以种植密度为主处理(D1:9.00万株/hm^(2)、D2:9.75万株/hm^(2)、D3:10.50万株/hm^(2)、D4:11.25万株/hm^(2)、D5:12.00万株/hm^(2)),品种为副处理(斯泰112、粒隆170、明玉268、金园118),分析不同密度对各玉米品种农艺性状、产量构成因素及产量的影响,并对其经济效益进行核算。【结果】在5个密度下,斯泰112生殖生长较其他品种早熟3 d;在D3密度下,明玉268株高、穂位高最高,分别为3.18、1.33 cm;在D5密度下,明玉268倒伏率和空秆率均最高,分别为30.40%、14.21%;随着密度的上升各品种穂长逐渐下降,在D1密度下斯泰112、粒隆170、明玉268、金园118均达到最大值,分别为20.10、21.55、18.75、20.85 cm;各品种穂粗差异不显著(P>0.05)。在D1、D2密度下,斯泰112产量和纯收入最高,分别为14.68、15.01 t/hm^(2)和27394、28017元/hm^(2);在D3、D4密度下,粒隆170产量和纯收入最高,分别为17.09、17.00 t/hm^(2)和32504、32206元/hm^(2);在D5密度下,金园118产量和纯收入最高为13.13 t/hm^(2)、23585元/hm^(2)。【结论】内蒙古河套灌区玉米适宜种植密度为9.00万和9.75万株/hm^(2)时的高产栽培品种为斯泰112、10.50万和11.25万株/hm^(2)时为粒隆170、12.00万株/hm^(2)时为金园118。【Objective】To screen the suitable maize planting density and varieties in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia,and provide reference for the improvement of maize yield per unit area based on this.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia from 2022 to 2023.A two-factor randomized block design was adopted,and the main treatment was plant density(D1:90000 plants/hm^(2),D2:97500 plants/hm^(2),D3:105000 plants/hm^(2),D4:112500 plants/hm^(2),D5:120000 plants/hm^(2)),and varieties were sub-treated(Sitai 112,Lilong 170,Mingyu 268,Jinyuan 118).The effects of different densities on agronomic traits,yield components and yield of each maize variety were analyzed,and their economic benefits were calculated.【Results】At 5 densities,the reproductive growth of Sitai 112 was 3 days earlier than that of other varieties.At D3 density,Mingyu 268 plant height and ear height both were the highest,which were 3.18 and 1.33 cm,respectively.At D5 density,the lodging rate and hollow bar ratio of Mingyu 268 both were the highest,which were 30.40%and 14.21%,respectively.With the increase of density,the ear length of each variety gradually decreased and the values of Sitai 112,Lilong 170,Mingyu 268 and Jinyuan 118 reached the maximum at the density of D1,which were 20.10,21.55,18.75 and 20.85 cm,and there was no significant difference in ear diameter among varieties(P>0.05).At the density of D1 and D2,the yield and net income of Sitai 112 were highest,which were 14.68,15.01 t/hm^(2) and 27394,28017 yuan/hm^(2).At the density of D3 and D4,the yield and net income of Lilong 170 were highest,which were 17.09,17.00 t/hm^(2) and 32504,32206 yuan/hm^(2).At the density of D5,the yield and net income of Jinyuan 118 were highest,which were 13.13 t/hm^(2) and 23585 yuan/hm^(2).【Conclusion】In Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia,the high-yield cultivated varieties were Sitai 112 at 90000 and 97500 plants/hm^(2),Lilong 170 at 105000 and 112500 plants/hm^(2),and Jinyuan 118 at 120000 plants/hm^(2)

关 键 词：玉米 种植密度 品种 农艺性状 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]