基于机械解离活化的气化细渣炭灰分离浮选过程强化研究  

Flotation Process Intensification Study of Carbon-ash Separation of Gasification Fine Slag Based on Mechanical Dissociation Activation

作　　者：孙华峰 牛福生 周营 邢耀文 SUN Huafeng;NIU Fusheng;ZHOU Ying;XING Yaowen(School of Mining Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063012,China;China Coal Science and Industry Group Tangshan Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Tangshan 063012,China;State Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Resources Green Exploitation,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学矿业工程学院,河北唐山063210 [2]中煤科工集团唐山研究院有限公司,河北唐山063012 [3]炼焦煤资源绿色开发全国重点实验室,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《金属矿山》2024年第8期93-99,共7页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2021YFC2902602);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:52174265)。

摘　　要：气化细渣作为煤化工行业典型的固体废弃物,其较高的未燃炭含量制约了资源化利用。浮选是气化细渣炭灰分离的有效方法,但未燃炭颗粒孔隙发达、炭灰组分相互粘连混合,致使传统浮选药剂消耗量大、效率低。为减小孔隙对气化细渣浮选的不利影响,采用棒磨和搅拌磨两种机械解离活化方式对陕西某气化细渣进行研磨处理,并通过扫描电镜、BET、压汞仪、总有机碳分析仪探究机械活化对浮选过程的影响机制。结果表明:在捕收剂煤油用量11 kg/t、起泡剂MIBC用量6 kg/t时,直接浮选可获得尾煤灰分64.82%、可燃体回收率59.92%的浮选指标,炭灰分离效果较差;在此基础上,使用棒磨机进行机械解离活化,浮选试验可使最佳尾煤灰分提高约15个百分点,达到80.09%,可燃体回收率达到79.95%,浮选指标优化显著;使用搅拌磨进行机械解离活化,浮选试验可获得尾煤灰分87.48%、可燃体回收率90.93%的优良指标,二者相比,使用搅拌磨进行机械解离活化,浮选试验不仅炭灰分离效果优于棒磨机,且其在减小粒径、破坏孔隙、减少药剂吸附效果等方面也优于棒磨机。因此,机械活化可显著提升气化细渣浮选的可燃体回收率及尾煤灰分,且搅拌磨的活化效果优于棒磨机,经10 min研磨可获得90%以上的可燃体回收率;机械活化一方面实现了炭质组分与灰质组分的有效解离,另一方面破坏了1000 nm以上的较大孔隙结构,避免了浮选药剂在颗粒孔隙内的无效吸附渗透,增加了未燃炭表面疏水性的同时减少药剂消耗。As a typical solid waste in the coal chemical industry,the high unburned carbon content of gasification fine slag restricts the utilization of resource.Flotation is an effective method for the separation of carbon and ash from gasification fine slag,but the pores of unburned carbon particles are developed,and the carbon ash components are mixed with each other,resulting in large consumption and low efficiency of traditional flotation reagents.In order to reduce the adverse effect of pores on the flotation of gasification fine slag,two mechanical dissociation activation methods of rod mill and stirring mill were used to grind gasification fine slag of Shaanxi Province,and the mechanism of the effect of mechanical activation on the flotation process was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,BET,mercury porosimeter and total organic carbon analyzer.The results show that when the dosage of collector kerosene is 11 kg/t and the dosage of foaming agent MIBC is 6 kg/t,the flotation index of tailings ash content of 64.82%and combustible recovery of 59.92%can be obtained by direct flotation,and the separation effect of carbon ash is poor.On this basis,the mechanical dissociation activation is carried out by the rod mill,the flotation test can increase the ash content of the best tailings by about 15 percentage points to 80.09%,and the combustible recovery rate reaches 79.95%,and the flotation index is significantly optimized.Using stirring mill for mechanical dissociation and activation,the flotation test can obtain excellent indexes of 87.48%ash content and 90.93%combustible recovery rate.In comparison,using stirring mill for mechanical dissociation and activation,the flotation test is not only better than the rod mill in the separation of carbon and ash,but also better than the rod mill in reducing the particle size,destroying the pores,and reducing the adsorption effect of the agent.Therefore,mechanical activation can significantly improve the combustible recovery rate and tailing ash content of gasification fin

关 键 词：气化细渣 浮选 炭灰分离 机械活化 孔隙结构 

分 类 号：TD923[矿业工程—选矿] TD94