缓坡上游式尾矿库固结变形及稳定性的离心模型试验  

Centrifuge Model Test on the Consolidation Deformation and Stability of Gentle Up-stream Tailings Pond Slope

作　　者：帅奕垚 刘文连 徐鹏飞 汤明高[1,2] 眭素刚 余大明 SHUAI Yiyao;LIU Wenlian;XU Pengfei;TANG Minggao;SUI Sugang;YU Daming(College of Environment and Civil Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection,Chengdu 610059,China;China Nonferrous Metals Industry Kunming Survey and Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650051,China;Panzhihua Steel Group Mining Co.,Ltd.,Panzhihua 617000,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院,四川成都610059 [2]地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610059 [3]中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司,云南昆明650051 [4]攀钢集团矿业有限公司,四川攀枝花617000

出　　处：《金属矿山》2024年第8期166-176,共11页Metal Mine

基　　金：中国有色金属工业昆明勘测设计研究院科技项目(编号:80303-AH20220235);浙江省交通运输厅科研项目(编号:2024-GCKY-01);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41941019)。

摘　　要：尾矿库溃决事故一旦发生,会给人类生命财产安全和生态环境造成严重的影响。为了探究尾矿库边坡闭库后的固结变形特点及其稳定性,以马家田尾矿库为工程背景,开展了天然和饱和2种工况下的尾矿库边坡离心机模型试验。通过孔压及土压传感器获得了孔压和土压响应规律,并采用高速摄像机记录坡体加载全过程的变形影像,结合PIV测速技术分析了坡体的固结变形规律。试验结果表明,2种工况下的尾矿库边坡皆以固结变形为主,不会发生局部或整体失稳,仅有少量浅层的尾粉土因渗流作用被冲走。其中,天然工况的最大固结变形速率为2.11×10-4 m/s,完成固结需要的时间为1475 s。饱和工况的最大固结变形速率为1.03×10-4 m/s,完成固结的时间为2106 s。在固结变形过程中,孔压随固结排水逐渐消散,土压之间的相对大小因水分的变化而发生改变,总体随离心加速度平稳增加,未出现应力突变现象。因此需要做好尾矿库的排水,可减少尾矿库的固结时间,从而进一步降低尾矿库失稳风险。Once the tailings dam break accident occurs,it will have a serious impact on human life and properity safety and ecological environment.To examine the consolidation behavior and stability of tailings pond slopes post-closure,centrifuge model tests were conducted under both natural and saturated conditions,based on the Majiatian tailings pond.The pore pressure and soil pressure response laws were obtained by pore pressure and soil pressure sensors,and the deformation image of slope was recorded by high-speed camera.Besides,the consolidation behavior was analyzed using PIV velocity measurement technology.Test results indicate that under both conditions,the tailings pond slope primarily undergoes consolidation deformation without any local or overall instability,except for minor seepage erosion in shallow tailings silt.Specifically,the maximum consolidation deformation rate under natural conditions was recorded at 2.11×10-4 m/s,with consolidation completing in 1475 seconds.While the maximum rate of consolidation deformation in saturated conditions reached 1.03×10-4 m/s,taking 2106 seconds to complete.During consolidation deformation,pore pressure decreases due to drainage,and the relative soil pressure varies with water content changes.Overall,soil pressure steadily increases with centrifugal acceleration without sudden stress changes.Effective drainage in tailings ponds is essential to shorten consolidation time and reduce the risk of instability.

关 键 词：尾矿库边坡 固结变形 稳定性 变形规律 离心机模型 

分 类 号：TD926[矿业工程—选矿]