金属矿规模化开采爆破污染物与爆破质量协同控制技术研究  

Research on Collaborative Control Technology of Pollutant and Blast Quality in Large Scale Mining of Metal Mines

作　　者：侯华山 顾新宇 门雁翔 吕现波 谭豪男 陈宜华 杨青 李春英 王晓南 HOU Huashan;GU Xinyu;MEN Yanxiang;LÜXianbo;TAN Haonan;CHEN Yihua;YANG Qing;LI Chunying;WANG Xiaonan(Huibaoling Iron Mine Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 277718,China;School of Energy and Environment,Anhui University of Technology,Ma′anshan 243000,China;Longxin Mining Co.,Ltd.,Benxi 117000,China)

机构地区：[1]会宝岭铁矿有限公司,山东临沂277718 [2]安徽工业大学能源与环境学院,安徽马鞍山243000 [3]龙新矿业有限公司,辽宁本溪117000

出　　处：《金属矿山》2024年第8期228-234,共7页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2023YFC2907205)。

摘　　要：金属矿地下规模化开采爆破量大,释放高浓度CO和粉尘等污染物的炮烟对矿山生产安全带来不利影响。加大通风量和喷雾等常规炮烟治理措施效率低、通风时间长,严重影响生产效率。针对井下爆破质量与污染物协同控制的生产要求,以某铁矿采场为试验点,通过多组现场试验和Fluent模拟相结合的方法研究水炮泥布置方式对爆破块度和炮烟中CO浓度的影响,得出了水炮泥的协同控制布置方法。试验表明:①采用1卷水炮泥—炮塞—炸药的布置方式,炮烟污染物浓度减少20%~30%,同时爆破块度集中在6~10 cm,与未使用水炮泥的爆破质量基本相同;②炮孔底部增设1卷水炮泥连接炸药布置,CO浓度峰值降低35%左右,污染物控制效果较1卷水炮泥提升较小,但爆破岩块集中在10~12 cm,爆破质量明显降低;③水炮泥数量的增加能有效提升污染物控制效果,缩短通风时间,但水炮泥同时吸收炸药爆轰带来的冲击力,减少矿岩体受压,使爆破块度增大,影响爆破质量。The large-scale underground mining of metal mines involves a large amount of blasting,which releases high concentrations of pollutants such as CO and dust,causing adverse effects on mining production safety.Conventional smoke control measures such as increasing ventilation volume and spray have low efficiency and long ventilation time,which seriously affect production efficiency.In response to the production requirements of collaborative control of underground blasting quality and pollutants,a certain iron mine was taken as the experimental point.Through a combination of multiple on-site experiments and Fluent simulation,the influence of water blasting mud layout on blasting block size and CO concentration in blasting smoke was studied,and a collaborative control layout method for water blasting mud was obtained.The experiment shows that:①Using a roll of water foam mud gun plug explosive arrangement,the concentration of gun smoke pollutants is reduced by 20%~30%,and the blasting block size is concentrated in 6~10 cm,which is basically the same as the blasting quality without using water cannon mud.②At the bottom of the blast hole,a roll of water cannon mud is added to connect the explosive arrangement,reducing the peak CO concentration by about 35%.The pollutant control effect is slightly improved compared to a roll of water cannon mud,but the blasting rock blocks are concentrated in 10~12 cm,and the blasting quality is significantly reduced.③The increase in the quantity of water cannon mud can effectively improve the pollution control effect and shorten the ventilation time.However,water cannon mud also absorbs the impact force brought by explosive detonation,reduces the pressure on the rock mass,increases the blasting block size,and affects the blasting quality.

关 键 词：规模化开采 采场爆破 水炮泥 污染物 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TD711[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]