祁连山不同地形饲用植物对藏羊偏食性的影响  

Response of foraging preference of Tibetan sheep to forage plants in different topographies on Qilian Mountains

作　　者：王金兰 曹文侠[3] 李文 WANG Jinlan;CAO Wenxia;LI Wen(State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University(Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences),Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Xining 810016,China;Grassland Science College of Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810016 [2]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院(青海省畜牧兽医科学院),青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,西宁810016 [3]甘肃农业大学草业学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第16期7213-7225,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1602307)。

摘　　要：食性选择是家畜的一种复杂生理和生态适应过程,也是放牧家畜采食行为的核心问题,对草地放牧管理具有重要意义。目前的研究主要集中在草地植物群落组成、结构及家畜个体特征对采食行为的影响上,而不同地形的植物如何影响家畜采食行为尚不明晰。以祁连山不同地形(阶地、河漫滩、阴坡、半阴坡、半阳坡和阳坡)饲用植物(禾本科、莎草科、豆科、杂类草、可食灌木及群落)为对象,采用舍饲自助餐式实验法开展藏羊对不同地形植物的采食选择研究,探讨藏羊对不同地形植物的偏食性,并采用结构方程模型探究影响藏羊偏食性的主要因素。结果表明,(1)禾本科植物的营养品质在阴坡最高,莎草科和豆科植物的营养品质在阶地最高,杂类草和整个植物群落的营养品质在阳坡最高。(2)藏羊对禾本科、莎草科、杂类草及整个植物群落的干物质采食量均在阳坡最高,分别为42.6、68.7、69.8 g/h和237.6 g/h,而均在河漫滩最低,分别为7.3、8、21.8 g/h和69 g/h。(3)藏羊对阳坡的禾本科、莎草科、杂类草及整个植物群落的偏食性最高,偏食性指数分别为5、8、8.1和27.7,而对河漫滩饲用植物的偏食性最低。(4)结构方程模型表明,植物粗纤维和粗蛋白含量是影响藏羊偏食性的最主要因素。研究结果为深入理解草地动植物互作关系及制定科学放牧管理策略提供了科学依据,对草地畜牧业可持续利用具有重要意义。Diet selection in livestock is a complex physiological and ecological adaptation process.It is also a core problem in terms of the foraging behavior of grazing herbivores,which is of considerable importance for sustainable grassland management.To date,the available studies have predominantly focused on the effects of plant community composition,structure,and individual characteristics of grazing herbivores on diet selection.However,the study on responses of forage plants in the context of different topographies to the diet selection of grazing herbivores is rare.In this study,forage plants,comprising gramineae,cyperaceae,leguminosae,forbs,edible shrubs and the whole plant community on different topographies,that is,terrace,riparian zones,shady slope,half shady slope,half sunny slope,sunny slopes in the Qilian Mountains were selected.Changes in the nutritional and mineral content of forage plants and differences in Tibetan sheep forage preference for forage plants on different topographies were examined using an indoor cafeteria trial.A structural equation model was used to illustrate the effects of forage plants on different topographies on Tibetan sheep forage preferences.Our results demonstrated that:1)the nutritional value of gramineae was the highest on the shady slope.Meanwhile,that of cyperaceae and leguminosae was the highest on the terraces.The nutrient value of forbs and the whole community was the highest on the sunny slope.2)The dry matter intake of Tibetan sheep to gramineae,cyperaceae,forbs and the whole plant community was the highest on the sunny slope(42.6,68.7,69.8 g/h and 237.6 g/h,respectively),and the lowest on the riparian zones(7.3,8,21.8 g/h and 69 g/h,respectively).3)Tibetan sheep forage preference of gramineae,cyperaceae,forbs and community were the highest on the sunny slope,the forage preference index was 5,8,8.1 and 27.7,respectively;and the lowest on the riparian zones.4)Structural equation model(SEM)showed that the crude fiber and crude protein content of forage plants were dominant

关 键 词：祁连山 藏羊 牧草营养品质 偏食性 食性选择 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]