卡山保护区核心区璃眼蜱空间格局及成因  

Spatial distribution and causation of Hyalomma ticks in the core area of Kalamaili Nature Reserve

作　　者：张钰[1] 张科 刘佳伟 王安琪 张泽新 敖特根[4] 张东[1] 闫利平 李凯[1] ZHANG Yu;ZHANG Ke;LIU Jiawei;WANG Anqi;ZHANG Zexin;AO Tegen;ZHANG Dong;YAN Liping;LI Kai(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Science,Xining 810001,China;Tongliao Forestry Pest Control Station,Tongliao 028001,China;Tongliao Control and Quarantine Station of Forest Pest,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,西宁810001 [3]内蒙古通辽市林业有害生物防治站,通辽028001 [4]内蒙古通辽市森林病虫害防治检疫站,通辽028000

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第16期7371-7383,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：新疆自然保护地调查与国家公园潜力区科学考察(2021xjkk1201);新疆维吾尔自治区林业和草原局寄生虫防控项目(2024⁃HXFWBH⁃LK⁃01)。

摘　　要：璃眼蜱是一类能够传播多种病原体的吸血媒介节肢动物。近年来璃眼蜱在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类保护区(简称“卡山保护区”)的泛化,对当地野生动物甚至保护区管护人员构成的威胁日渐突出。于2021、2022年在该保护区核心区设置25km^(2)样地,探究了璃眼蜱的空间分布及其影响因素,重点围绕璃眼蜱与普氏野马及啮齿类动物之间的空间关系展开。通过半方差变异函数分析璃眼蜱空间分布相关性;以双变量空间自相关方法评估璃眼蜱与宿主动物的空间聚集程度;采用结构方程模型拟合璃眼蜱数量与环境因素的关系。结果表明:1)璃眼蜱的块金基台比值大于0.75,显示璃眼蜱具有较低的空间相关性,表明其分布更易受到宿主及所处环境的影响;2)璃眼蜱与宿主的双变量梯度LISA聚集图表明,璃眼蜱与普氏野马之间的空间聚集关系强于璃眼蜱与啮齿类之间的空间聚集关系。3)多元混合结构方程模型的拟合效果较好(R^(2)=0.70),模型发现气候、植被、宿主三种因子均能影响璃眼蜱数量。综上,本研究发现影响卡山保护区核心区的璃眼蜱分布的最主要因素是宿主,其中普氏野马与璃眼蜱的空间聚集关系强于啮齿类动物。璃眼蜱随大型宿主的扩张性分布,对同域,特别是核心区其他野生动物构成了直接威胁。野生动物的重引入可能会对生态链中其他物种产生间接影响。随着普氏野马的重引入,该地区的寄生虫分布发生了变化,可能是因为寄生虫适应了新的环境条件,且这种适应性又依赖于普氏野马的分布。这种现象表明,生态系统中的各个组成部分都会相互关联,生态链的变化可能会导致其他生物适应性发生改变。该问题显示开展濒危野生动物重引入监测工作的重要性,研究结果拓展了野生动物蜱传疾病控制和管理思路。The Hyalomma ticks are hematophagous arthropods that can transmit a wide range of pathogens.Recently,the proliferation of Hyalomma ticks in Kalamaili Nature Reserve(KNR),Xinjiang,has increasingly endangered the local wildlife and the reserve′s staff.During the 2021 and 2022,this research delineated a 25km2 study area within the core zone of the reserve to examine the spatial distribution and influencing factors of Hyalomma ticks.It particularly concentrated on elucidating the spatial interactions among the Hyalomma ticks,Przewalski′s horses,and rodent species.The study employed semi-variance analysis to assess the spatial correlation of Hyalomma ticks′distribution.Bivariate spatial autocorrelation methods were used to evaluate the spatial clustering degree of Hyalomma ticks with respect to their host animals.Additionally,a structural equation model was applied to delineate the relationship between the abundance of Hyalomma ticks and various environmental factors.The results are as follows:1)The block kurtosis ratio in the semivariance for Hyalomma ticks is above 0.75,indicating a low spatial autocorrelation and suggesting that the distribution of Hyalomma ticks is more influenced by host and environmental factors.2)The bivariate local indicators spatial autocorrelation(LISA)clustering diagram demonstrates a more pronounced spatial clustering relationship between Hyalomma ticks and Przewalski′s horses compared to that between Hyalomma ticks and rodents.3)The multivariate mixed structural equation model shows a relatively good fit(R^(2)=0.70),indicating that climate,vegetation,and host variables significantly influence the abundance of the Hyalomma ticks.In conclusion,the study found that the primary factor influencing the distribution of Hyalomma ticks in the core area of the KNR was the host,with a stronger spatial clustering relationship observed between Przewalski′s horses and Hyalomma ticks compared to rodents.The expansion of Hyalomma ticks alongside larger host species poses a direct threat to coex

关 键 词：干旱荒漠草原 璃眼蜱 宿主 环境因子 分布特征 空间自相关 

分 类 号：Q969.91[生物学—昆虫学]