不同覆盖材料对红梅杏园土壤温度日变化的影响  

Effects of Different Mulching Materials on Diurnal Variation of Soil Temperature in Prunus armeniaca Orchard

作　　者：郭永忠[1] 许浩[1] 韩新生[1] 安钰[1] 董立国[1] 万海霞[1] Guo Yongzhong;Xu Hao;Han Xinsheng;An Yu;Dong Liguo;Wan Haixia(Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Ningxia Key Laboratory of Desertification Control and Soil and Water Conservation/Ningxia Comprehensive Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Multifunctional Forestry,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院林业与草地生态研究所/宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室/宁夏生态修复与多功能林业综合研究中心,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2024年第6期29-35,共7页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC03426、2019AAC03149);宁夏农业科技自主创新项目(NGSB-2021-11-06);宁夏重点研发计划项目(2021BEG03017)。

摘　　要：为了探明不同材料覆盖对红梅杏园土壤温度时空变化的特征,设置覆盖锯末、麦草、白膜和黑膜四个覆盖处理,以常规栽培为对照,探析红梅杏园土壤温度的时空变化。结果表明,土壤温度日变化、空气温度日变化、太阳辐射日变化均呈单峰曲线形式变化,都随太阳高度角增大而增大,随太阳高度角减小而减小,只是到达高峰时间不同,到达高峰时间由早到晚依次为太阳辐射、土壤温度、空气温度;土壤不同深度土层温度曲线变化规律相同,也呈单峰型变化,但变化幅度随土壤深度增加而减小,土壤最高温度和最低温度出现时间随土壤深度增加而延后;覆盖地膜对提升土壤温度作用明显,提升效果达到13%~74%,尤其是覆盖白膜,各层土壤温度较对照高5.4~13.5℃。覆盖麦草和锯末土壤平均温度较对照低0.2~12℃,土壤温度达到一日内最低温时,浅层土壤温度较对照高0.3~3.1℃。说明覆盖地膜有利于土壤热量的积累,高温时覆盖锯末和麦草能缓冲地温剧烈变化,低温时能起到保温作用。In order to investigate the temporal and spatial changes of soil temperature in Prunus armeniaca orchard under different material mulching,four mulching treatments including sawdust,wheat straw,white film and black film were set up,and with conventional cultivation as the control,the temporal and spatial changes of soil temperature in Prunus armeniaca orchard were analyzed.The results showed that the daily changes of soil temperature,air temperature and solar radiation were unimodal,increasing with the increase of solar altitude angle,and decreasing with the decrease of solar altitude angle,but the peak time was different,and the peak time was solar radiation,soil temperature and air temperature in order from early to late.The temperature curve of soil layers at different depths had the same variation law and also showed a"unimodal"variation,but the variation amplitude decreases with the increase of depth,and the occurrence time of the maximum and minimum temperature of soil put off with the increase of depth.Mulching film had an obvious effect on increasing soil temperature,and the increase effect reaches 13%~74%,especially when mulching white film,the soil temperature of each layer was 5.4~13.5℃higher than that of the control.The average temperature of soil covered with wheat straw and sawdust was 0.2~12℃lower than that of the control.When the soil temperature reached the lowest temperature in one day,the shallow soil temperature was 0.3~3.1℃higher than that of the control.It showed that mulching film was beneficial to soil heat accumulation,and mulching sawdust and wheat straw could buffer the drastic change of ground temperature at high temperature,and could play a role in heat preservation at low temperature.

关 键 词：红梅杏 覆盖材料 土壤温度 

分 类 号：S152.8[农业科学—土壤学] S662.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]