基于仿真模拟技术的老旧小区应急疏散机制及标识优化设计——以深圳市为例  

Emergency Evacuation Mechanism and Sign Optimization Design of Old Residential Areas Using Simulation Technology:Taking Shenzhen as an Example

作　　者：张彤彤 樊乐 习生乐 于沐卉 肖靖 ZHANG Tongtong;FAN Le;XI Shengle;YU Muhui;XIAO Jing

机构地区：[1]深圳大学亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室 [2]深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院 [3]深圳市建筑环境优化设计研究重点实验室

出　　处：《城市学报》2024年第2期87-98,共12页Journal of Urban Sciences

基　　金：亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室项目(2023ZB11);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310590034);广东省哲学与社会科学2023年度规划一般项目(GD23CYS05)。

摘　　要：伴随极端气候影响,老旧小区的应灾脆性特征愈发凸显,其疏散问题亟待解决,现行规范对此类建筑的应急疏散标识的指导有限。文章以深圳市老旧小区为原型,对老旧小区的疏散问题进行归纳,并将疏散体系分成鱼骨式和内环式两类基本路网结构,使用疏散模拟软件Pathfinder,分类研究其疏散机制,获取总疏散时间、人员分布密度云图、各出入口完成疏散时间及承载疏散量等数据指标,识别疏散过程中的拥堵区域,评判疏散效率,以总疏散时间和改善道路拥堵状况为优化目标,通过改变人员的疏散路径,提升疏散效率,分别形成对应的应急疏散最优预案,指导老旧小区标识的布点方式、标识牌信息的优化设计,最终形成老旧小区应急疏散标识的优化设计策略,为提高老旧小区安全保障能力做出贡献。With the impact of extreme weather conditions,the vulnerable nature of old residential areas is increasingly exposed,necessitating urgent solutions to evacuation issues.The existing regulations provide limited guidance on emergency evacuation signage for such buildings.This paper takes Shenzhen's old residential area as a prototype,summarizes evacuation challenges,and categorizes the evacuation system into two kinds of basic road network structure:fishbone type and inner ring type.Utilizing Pathfinder software,this paper classifies the evacuation mechanism,gather relevant data indicators for evacuations,identify congested areas during the process,and evaluate evacuation efficiency.By altering personnel evacuation routes to enhance efficiency in terms of total evacuation time and alleviating road congestion as optimization objectives,an optimal emergency evacuation plan is formulated.Furthermore,by guiding sign layout in old residential areas and optimizing sign plate information designations,an optimal strategy for emergency evacuation signs in these areas is ultimately established to contribute towards enhancing their security.

关 键 词：老旧小区 仿真模拟 应急疏散标识 优化设计 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]