海洋环境污染犯罪构成要件分析  

Analysis of Constitutive Elements of Marine Environmental Pollution Crimes

作　　者：张晏瑲 樊星 ZHANG Yanqiang;FAN Xing(School of Law,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（人文科学版）》2024年第4期1-7,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Humanities Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“全球环境治理中的国内法治和涉外法治统筹问题研究”(编号:23&ZD166)。

摘　　要：2024年新修订的《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》实施后,海洋环境污染犯罪刑事立法问题成为紧要议题。为切合我国法治发展与司法实践现状,依据犯罪构成“四要件”理论,分别从犯罪主体、犯罪主观方面、犯罪客体和犯罪客观方面对海洋环境污染犯罪构成要件进行讨论。海洋环境污染犯罪主体应以《中华人民共和国刑法》和《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》现有相关条文表述为基础进行定义;海洋环境污染犯罪主观方面分析应以行为人对行政法认知程度为主要区分标准,并根据其对结果因素所持的心理态度进一步区分量刑;海洋环境污染犯罪客体的确定采用生态学的人类中心主义法益说,这更符合我国海洋环境保护现状与实践需要;海洋环境污染犯罪客观方面的行为要素应同时关注行政法违反与刑法违反的双重违法性,将危险犯纳入规制范围,并适用因果关系推定原则。After the implementation of the newly revised Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China in 2024,the issue of criminal legislation regarding marine environmental pollution crimes has become an urgent concern.In order to align with the current development of the rule of law and judicial practice in China,the constitutive elements of marine environmental pollution crimes are discussed in terms of subject,mens rea,object and actus reus according to the“four elements”theory of crime constitution.The subject of marine environmental pollution crimes should be defined based on the existing provisions of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China.The analysis of the mens rea of marine environmental pollution crimes should primarily distinguish the perpetrator’s level of awareness of administrative law,and further differentiate sentencing based on their psychological attitude towards the result elements.The determination of the object of marine environmental pollution crimes should adopt the anthrocentric approach to the legal interests of ecology,which better fits the current situation and practical needs of marine environmental protection in China.Regarding the actus reus of the crime,focus should be on the double illegality of both administrative and criminal law violations,include dangerous offenses within the scope of regulation,and apply the principle of causality presumption.

关 键 词：《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》 海洋环境污染犯罪 刑事立法 构成要件 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]