海洋环境民事公益诉讼中社会组织原告主体的确立  

Establishing the Legal Standing of Social Organizations as Plaintiffs in Marine Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：许宇锋 舒瑶芝[1] XU Yufeng;SHU Yaozhi(School of Law,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学法学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（人文科学版）》2024年第4期8-13,20,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Humanities Sciences)

摘　　要：海洋环境民事公益诉讼中社会组织原告主体地位在法律适用上遭遇理论与实践双重困境。《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》第89条第2款为未来社会组织的发展预留了可适用的法条空间,可从法教义学分析视角出发,在多种法律解释路径下挖掘社会组织可适用的实体法依据。社会组织启动海洋环境民事公益诉讼的制度建构可从以下几个层面展开:社会组织主体范围可与《中华人民共和国环境保护法》规定的主体外延保持一致,在起诉门槛上不应设置过高准入条件而需关注其资质性事项;社会组织启动涉海公益诉讼的地域范围应与《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》划定的法效范围相当;可采用“概括+列举”立法技术规定社会组织提起涉海民事公益诉讼的案件类型;政社检三元主体在起诉顺位设置上具有二层位阶。The legal standing of social organizations as plaintiffs in civil public interest litigation concerning the marine environment has encountered both theoretical and practical difficulties in the application of law.Article 89(2)of the Marine Environmental Protection Law has reserved space for the future development of social organizations,allowing for the exploration of substantive law applicable to social organizations through various legal interpretation approaches from the perspective of legal doctrinal analysis.The institutional framework for social organizations to initiate marine environmental civil public interest litigation system can be developed from the following aspects:the scope of social organizations can be consistent with the entities defined in the Environmental Protection Law.In setting the threshold for filing lawsuits,attention should be paid to the qualifications of the parties involved,but excessively high entry conditions should not be imposed;the geographical scope of marine public interest litigation initiated by social organizations should fall within the jurisdictional scope delineated by the Marine Environmental Protection Law;legislative techniques of“general+enumeration”can be used to specify the types of cases in which social organizations can bring in marine civil public interest litigation;the hierarchy of litigation order should be set with a two-tier structure involving the government,social organizations,and the procuratorate as the primary entities.

关 键 词：社会组织 民事公益诉讼 海洋环境 原告主体 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]